Top panel: comparison of kinetic temperatures derived from para-H₂ CO (3₂₁–2₂₀/3₀₃–2₀₂ and 4₂₂ –3₂₁/4₀₄–3₀₃, cyan and blue points) and NH₃ (2, 2)/(1, 1) (black squares) ratios against the dust temperatures. NH₃ kinetic temperatures are selected from Wienen et al. (2012). The cyan and blue straight lines are the results from unweighed linear fits for gas temperatures derived from para-H₂ CO (3₂₁–2₂₀/3₀₃–2₀₂ and 4₂₂ –3₂₁/4₀₄–3₀₃, respectively. Bottom panel: comparisons of gas temperatures derived from para-H₂ CO (4₂₂–3₂₁/4₀₄–3₀₃), CO, NH₃ (2, 2)/(1, 1), CH₃ OH, CH₃ CN, and CH₃ CCH. Temperatures of CO, CH₃OH, CH₃ CN, and CH₃ CCH are taken from Giannetti et al. (2017). The black straight lines in both panels indicate equal temperatures.