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Table 1

Simulation parameters for the nominal run.

Parameter Symbol Value Unit
Stellar mass M 1 M
Heliocentric distance r 30 au
Metallicity Z 0.03
Dust-to-ice ratio ξ 1, 5, 10
Surface density gas at 1 au Σg 1700 g cm−2
Temperature gas at 1 au T 280 K
Mean molecular weight μ 2.34
Molecular cross section Amol 2 × 10−15 cm2
Turbulence α 10−3
Monomer radius a0 0.1, 1 μm
Number of Representative particles n 2000

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