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Table 1

Material properties used in our thermo-mechanical model based on those of Mellon (1997) and Mellon et al. (2008; see discussion and references therein for details).

Material property Pure ice Mixture (soil fraction = ϕ)
E (Pa) 2.339 × 1010 − 6.48 × 107T Same
ν 0.4 Same
α 2.47 × 10−7T − 1.17 × 10−5 Linear combination with 
T ≥ 234 234 > T ≥ 195 T < 195
Q (J mol−1) 9.1 × 104 6.1 × 104 3.6 × 104 Same
n 4.0 4.0 4.7 Same
A0 (Pa−n s−1) 10−12.1 10−18.9 10−31.0 A = A0e−2nϕ

Notes. E is the Young’s modulus, ν is Poisson’s ratio, α the coefficient of thermal expansion, Q is activation energy, and n and A0 are the two viscous terms.

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