Notes. Estimates for spectral radiance at the nominal band frequencies can be found by inserting these temperatures together with an estimate for the planet solid angle into Eq. (21). The corresponding observation times can be extracted from the data products accompanying this publication or from Table 1 of Planck Collaboration VII (2014). Absolute thermodynamic temperatures of the planets can be obtained by adding the spectral radiance from an occulted CMB monopole (see Sect. 2.1.3). The large seasonal variations in Mars thermodynamic temperature are evident from surveys 1 and 2. For surveys 1–5, error bars represent statistical uncertainty estimates. The error bars accompanying the last column (mean) represent both the statistical (first) and systematic (second) uncertainty. Mars measurements incorporate a scaling factor to account for time-variable brightness (see discussion in Sect. 2.1.3). Saturn measurements have not been corrected for contributions from rings. Band-averages are calculated with uniform detector weights.