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Table 1

Selection of protostellar ice compositions from the literature, and post-collapse model values, as a percentage of H2O.

Species W33Aa NGC 7538 IRS 9b Sgr A*b Typical Typical Collapse-phase
low-massc high-massc model values

CO 8 16 <12 29 13 53
CO2 13 22 14 29 13 14
CH4 1.5 2 2 5 2 2.9
H2CO 6 4 <3 2 2 1.8
CH3OH 18 5 <4 3 4 6.9
NH3 15 13 20–30 5 5 20

Reference.

(a)

Gibb et al. (2000);

(b)

See Gibb et al. (2000) for original references;

(c)

Öberg et al. (2011).

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