Fig. 1

A very local interstellar spectrum for galactic protons (black line) and for galactic electrons (grey line), specified in the model as unmodulated input spectra at the boundary (122 AU) of the simulated heliosphere. These spectra were constructed by combining PAMELA (red circles) and AMS-02 (blue circles) measurements at the Earth above 30 GeV (grey shaded band), and Voyager 1 measurements below ~ 600 MeV taken from beyond the HP (diamonds and crosses). References to the observations are given in the text.
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