Table 6
Data format for the positions and areas of individual sunspots observed by Christoph Scheiner and his collaborators.
| Field | Column | Format | Explanation |
|
|
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| YYYY | 1−4 | I4 | Year. |
| MM | 6−7 | I2 | Month. |
| DD | 9−10 | I2 | Day referring to the civil calendar running from midnight to midnight, Gregorian calendar. |
| HH | 12−13 | I2 | Hour, times are mean local time at the observer’s location. |
| MI | 15−16 | I2 | Minute, typically accurate to 15 min. |
| T | 18 | I1 | Indicates how accurate the time is. T = 0 means the time has been inferred by the measurer (in most cases to be 12 h local time); T = 1 means the time is as given by the observer; T = 2 means the time was not printed, but inferred from the elevation of the Sun and the morning/afternoon discrimination given by the observer. |
| L0 | 20−24 | F5.1 | Heliographic longitude of apparent disk centre seen from Rome. |
| B0 | 26−30 | F5.1 | Heliographic latitude of apparent disk centre seen from Rome. |
| CMD | 32−36 | F5.1 | Central meridian distance, difference in longitude from disk centre; contains NaN (not a number) if position of spot could not be measured. |
| LLL.L | 38−42 | F5.1 | Heliographic longitude in the Carrington rotation frame; contains NaN if the position of spot could not be measured. |
| BBB.B | 44−48 | F5.1 | Heliographic latitude, southern latitudes are negative; contains NaN if the position of spot could not be measured. |
| M | 50 | C1 | Method of determining the orientation. E: ecliptic present in drawing; H: book aligned with azimuth-elevation; A: arbitrarily chosen orientation according to the distribution of groups; Q: rotational matching with other drawings (spots used for the matching have ModelLong ≠ “−. −”, ModelLat ≠ “−. −”, and Sigma ≠ “−. −”). |
| Q | 52 | I1 | Subjective quality, all directly connected to the ecliptic drawn by Scheiner get Q = 1. The rotated sunspot groups (see Fig. 2) are probably slightly less accurate and get Q = 2. Positions derived from rotational matching may also obtain Q = 2 or 3, if the probability distributions fixing the position angle of the drawing were not very sharp, or broad and asymmetric, respectively. Methods H and A always obtain Q = 3, because of the assumptions made. Spots for which no position could be derived, but have sizes, get Q = 4. |
| SS | 54−55 | I2 | Size estimate in 13 classes running from 1 to 13. The classes are different from the ones used in Arlt et al. (2013) and Senthamizh Pavai et al. (2015) by the fact that we introduced a smaller size at the low end and named it “1”. The classes are arbitrary anyway. |
| GROUP | 57−64 | C8 | Arbitrary group name; the order of numbers has no meaning. |
| MEASURER | 66−75 | C10 | Last name of person who obtained position. |
| MOD_L | 77−81 | F5.1 | Model longitude from rotational matching (only spots used for matching have this). |
| MOD_B | 83−87 | F5.1 | Model latitude from rotational matching (only spots used for matching have this). |
| SIGMA | 89−93 | F5.3 | Total residual of model positions compared with measurements of reference spots in rotational matching (only spots used for the matching have this). Holds for entire day. |
| DELTA | 95−98 | F4.1 | Heliocentric angle between the spot and the apparent disk centre in degrees (disk-centre distance); it is NaN if the spot position could not be determined. |
| UMB | 100−103 | I4 | Umbral area in millionths of the solar hemisphere (MSH), corrected for foreshortening; it is NaN if spot position could not be derived. |
| A | 105 | C1 | Flag (!) indicating areas that are highly uncertain since the spots appear to be drawn at too large a size. |
Notes. The Format column uses the following designations: I denotes integer fields with the number behind being the number of characters; similarly, C is a character text field with the corresponding length, and, e.g. F5.1 is a floating point field of five characters length with one decimal.
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