Planck 2015 results
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Table 3

Percentage of simulations showing a lower variance, skewness, or kurtosis than the P maps, the “lower-tail probability”.

Lower-tail Probability

1- Point Statistic Commander NILC SEVEM SMICA

Data
Nside = 1024
Variance ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Skewness ................ 89.5 99.9 93.6 73.0
Kurtosis ................ 45.9 95.9 85.1 49.7
Excess var. [%] ................ 3.5 4.0 4.5 3.2
Nside = 256
Variance ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Skewness ................ 62.3 54.8 57.6 33.0
Kurtosis ................ 44.5 39.4 52.8 24.2
Excess var. [%] ................ 7.5 8.6 9.2 6.9
Nside = 64
Variance ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Skewness ................ 0.0 22.3 14.6 26.4
Kurtosis ................ 0.1 22.1 6.6 30.3
Excess var. [%] 11.7 18.0 20.5 16.5
FFP8 ................
Nside = 1024
Variance ................ 95.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Skewness ................ 77.0 90.1 64.6 91.2
Kurtosis ................ 88.1 98.5 65.6 99.4
Nside = 256
Variance ................ 92.3 82.5 79.9 62.0
Skewness ................ 72.5 25.7 17.1 62.3
Kurtosis ................ 65.8 23.1 25.6 58.9
Nside = 64
Variance ................ 97.5 90.9 68.7 78.1
Skewness ................ 89.8 53.0 48.2 66.8
Kurtosis ................ 73.0 27.5 33.1 35.9

Notes. The top half of the table shows results for the data, and the bottom half for the FFP8 fiducial map, using the UPB77 and FFP8-UPA76 masks, respectively. In addition, we report the excess variance of the data in percent with respect to the mean of the variance distribution of the simulations.

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