Chemical concentration profiles for biomarker species O₃, CH₄, N₂O, and CH₃Cl and for related species NO, OH, NO₂, and HNO₃ in molecules per cm³. Shown here are scenarios 1 through 5: M-dwarf w/o CR (solid dark blue line), quiescent M-dwarf (red line), active M-dwarf (green line), flaring M-dwarf (yellow line), flaring(x40) M-dwarf (light blue dashed line). In addition we show the result of Grenfell et al. (2012)’s flaring case (dark blue dashed line) for comparison.