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Table 3

Summary of best-fitting models for Quaoar spectra observed in 2013, and the best-fitting Q2008 model (Dalle Ore et al. 2009).

Components (T) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4+Spitzerg Q2+Spitzer Q2008 Ref.
Titan tholina 0.13 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.13 0.12 1
Triton tholinb 0.10 – – – – 0.06 2
Triton tholinc 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.03 2
H2O amorph (40 K)d 0.02(10) – – – – 0.18(1) 3
Titan tholind – – – – – 0.13(11) 1
H2O cryst (40 K)d 0.07(61) 0.07(26) 0.08(31) 0.18(16) 0.06(18) 0.18(15) 3
C2H6 in N2d 0.04(20) 0.02(80) 0.02(80) – 0.02(31) 0.04(7)* 8
Triton tholind 0.39 (7) 0.38(10) 0.39(8) 0.39(8) 0.36(7) 0.14(7) 2
N2 (36–60 K)d 0.02(200) 0.03(400) 0.02(200) 0.02(200) 0.03(200) 0.20(1610) 4
CH4 (30–35 K)d 0.09(30) – – – – 0.13(9) 5
CH4 in N2d 0.11(70) 0.24(60) 0.21(60) 0.15(85) 0.21(80) – 8
CO in N2d – – – – 0.05(150) – 8
ACd 0.14(20) 0.11(20) 0.14(20) 0.14(20) 0.11(20) – 6
CO2d – – – – 0.04(100) – 9
NH3.H2Ode 0.12(27) 0.15(30) 0.14(25) 0.12(20) 0.12(65) – 7
rmsf 7.9 × 10-4 1.8 × 10-3 3.1 × 10-3 6.1 × 10-4 1.5 × 10-3 1.1 × 10-4

Notes.

(a)

Material mixed as inclusions in CH4 ice diluted in N2.

(b)

Material mixed as inclusions in pure CH4 ice.

(c)

Material mixed as inclusions in crystalline H2O ice.

(d)

Material mixed intimately with grain size in parenthesis. Grain size is in μm for all materials except N2, for which it is in mm. Temperature listed after the name of the component.

(e)

The adopted optical constant are for a dilution of 3% NH3 in H2O.

(f)

rms error of each model when compared to the data.

(g)

The best-fitting model of Q4 is the same of Q4+Spitzer.

(*)

In this model C2H6 is pure rather than diluted in N2.

Reference. (1) Imanaka et al. (2005); (2) Khare et al. (1994); (3) Mastrapa et al. (2009); (4) Green et al. (1991); (5) Grundy et al. (2002); (6) Rouleau & Martin (1991); (7) Roush (Brown et al. 1988); (8) Quirico et al. (1999); (9) Hansen (1997; 2005).

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