Table 5
Order of magnitude for physical parameters in astrophysical environments.
| Objects with ion-electron plasmas (with also pairs) | B (G) | ne (cm-3) | Te (K) |
|
|
|
|
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| Microquasar coronae, X-ray emitting regiona | 105–107 | 1013–1016 | 109 | 10-1–105 | 0.003–1 |
| AGN coronae, X-ray emitting regionb | 109 | 1.7–180 | 0.03–0.3 | ||
| Giant radio galaxy lobesc | 10-6–10-5 | 3 × 10-6 | 106 | 0.8–80 | 0.02–0.2 |
| Extragalactic jet, γ-ray emitting region (<0.05 pc)d | 12 | 80 | 2 × 105 | ~1 | |
| Extragalactic jet, radio emitting region (kpc scales)e | 1–3 × 10-5 | 0.8–5 × 10-8 | 500–2500 | ~1 | |
| GRB jet, at radius of fast reconnectionf | 7 × 108 | 1010 | 108 | 5 × 1012 | 0.9 |
|
|
|||||
| Objects with pair plasmas | B (G) | ne (cm-3) | Te (K) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
| At the termination shock of pulsar windsg | 104 | 0.1–10 | 1013 | ~1 | |
| In a pulsar wind nebulaeh | 5 × 10-3 | 5 to 103 | γ ~ 10–109 | <0.5 | 0.6 |
Notes.
Analytical disk and corona models, de Gouveia dal Pino & Lazarian (2005); Di Matteo (1998); Merloni & Fabian (2001); Reis & Miller (2013); matching observed spectra with radiation models, Del Santo et al. (2013); Romero et al. (2014).
Analytical disk and corona models, Di Matteo (1998); Merloni & Fabian (2001); Reis & Miller (2013).
Observations, Kronberg et al. (2004).
Analytical model assuming 
, Giannios et al. (2009). See also Giroletti et al. (2004) for magnetic field measurements (0.2 G, but on larger scales).
Observations, Schwartz et al. (2006). See also Romanova & Lovelace (1992).
Analytical model, McKinney & Uzdensky (2012). Pairs are also present, with npair ~ 10ne.
Analytical model and observations, Bucciantini et al. (2011); Sironi & Spitkovsky (2011a).
Analytical model and observations, Atoyan & Aharonian (1996); Meyer et al. (2010); Uzdensky et al. (2011); Cerutti et al. (2013). The plasma distribution function is a broken power law with Lorentz factors γ in the indicated range. We note that Cerutti et al. (2013) considers only the high-energy electron population, so have higher magnetizations.
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