versus . The top axis converts to SFR using the Kennicutt (1998) relation (Eq. (1)). The right axis converts to Ṁ_BH assuming ϵ = 0.1 and (Eq. (2)). The dashed line marks  = . This dashed line indicates the relation corresponding to Ṁ_BH = 0.024 ×SFR, using the right and top axes. The dotted line represents the parallel growth mode, where black holes and galaxies grow simultaneously, following the M_BH–M_Gal relation (see Sect. 6.1.3 for details). Colours indicate redshift bins. The three crosses indicate the three sources of peculiar interest, 4C 23.56, PKS 1138-262 and 4C 41.17.