Stable radial limit of the satellites of NEAs as a function of the impact parameter (d) and of the relative velocity (V_∞), for the particles case (M₂ = 0). a) Resulting from the numerical simulation. b) Generated through the fit (Eq. (3)). The color-coded scales correspond to the critical initial orbital radius R_C, given in the primary’s Hill radius. The white lines delimit three basic regimes: weak, moderate, and extreme disruption limits from right to left, respectively.