Best-fit models for the LkCa 15 disk. The columns represent the four epochs of observation, K1–K4. a)–d) ADI output images from science data; e)–h) ADI output images from the simulated model disks; i)–l) science–model subtraction residuals at the same linear stretch; m)–p) unprocessed model disk images at logarithmic stretch; q)–t) S/N maps of the science ADI output images at a linear stretch of [− 5σ,5σ]; u)–x) S/N maps of the subtraction residuals at the same stretch.