Dust temperature of galaxies as a function of Δlog (SSFR)_MS, as derived from our stacking analysis. Empty circles show results for SFR–M_∗ bins with low stellar masses, i.e., M_∗ < 10^10.5, 10^10.7, 10^10.7, 10^10.8, 10^10.8 and 10^10.9 M_⊙ in our 0 < z < 0.2, 0.2 < z < 0.5, 0.5 < z < 0.8, 0.8 < z < 1.2, 1.2 < z < 1.7 and 1.7 < z < 2.3 bins, respectively. Filled circles show results for SFR–M_∗ bins with high stellar masses. In each panel, we give the Spearman correlation factor derived from our data points. Dashed red lines correspond to a linear fit to the data points of the 0.2 < z < 0.5 redshift bin. Triple-dot-dashed green lines represent predictions inferred from the variations of the SFE with Δlog (SSFR)_MS and variations of the metallicity with redshift (see Eqs. (10) and (11)). Long-dashed light blue lines represent predictions inferred from the variations of the SFE with Δlog (SSFR)_MS and variations of the normalisation of the SFE-Δlog (SSFR)_MS relation with redshift (see Eqs. (10) and (13)). Dot-dashed dark blue lines represent predictions inferred from the variations of the SFE with Δlog (SSFR)_MS, and variations with redshift of the normalisation of the SFE–Δlog (SSFR)_MS relation and of the metallicity (see Eqs. (10) and (14)). Hatched areas represented the regions of parameter space affected by incompleteness (see text and Fig. 5). Vertical solid and dot-dashed lines show the localisation and width of the MS of star formation. The lower panel of each redshift bin shows the offset between the median dust temperature of our data points and the red dashed line, in bins of 0.2 dex.