Simulations revealing the effects of stacking on our dust temperature estimates. Empty black circles represent our 1000 simulated galaxies following the T_dust − L_IR correlation of Chapman et al. (2003). Large filled orange circles represent the mean dust temperature of galaxies in a given infrared luminosity bin. Large filled red stars represent the dust temperature inferred from the mean PACS/SPIRE flux densities of galaxies in a given infrared luminosity bin. The Chapman et al. (2003) derivation of the median and interquartile range of the T_dust − L_IR relation observed at z ~ 0 is shown by solid and dash-dotted lines, linearly extrapolated to 10¹³ L_⊙. In the top panel, simulated galaxies are in the 0.2 < z < 0.5 redshift bin, while in the bottom panel simulated galaxies are in the 1.2 < z < 1.7 redshift bin.