Table 4
Summary of the HDO/H2O ratios determined in Class 0 protostars.
| Source | Study(1) | Inner HDO/H2O ratio | Outer HDO/H2O ratio | Observations(2) | Modeling(3) |
|
|
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| IRAS 16293-2422 | a | 3 × 10-2 | ≤2 × 10-3 | HDO: IRAM (4), JCMT (1) | 1D, non-LTE |
H O: ISO (11) |
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|
|
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| b | 4 × 10-3–5.1 × 10-2 | 3 × 10-3–1.5 × 10-2 | HDO: HIFI (9), IRAM (3), JCMT (1) | 1D, non-LTE | |
H O: HIFI (5) |
|||||
|
|
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| c | (9.2 ± 2.6) × 10-4 | – | HDO: SMA (1) | 0D, LTE | |
| HO: ALMA (1), SMA (1) |
|||||
|
|
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| NGC 1333 IRAS2A | d | ≥1 × 10-2 | 9 × 10-3–1.8 × 10-1 | HDO: IRAM (3), JCMT (1), APEX (1) | 1D, non-LTE |
| HO: HIFI∗ (non-detection) |
|||||
| HO: HIFI∗ |
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|
|
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| e | ~1 × 10-3 | – | HDO: IRAM (1), | 0D, LTE | |
| HO: PdBi (1), HIFI (1) |
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|
|
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| f | 3 × 10-3–8 × 10-2 | – | HDO: PdBi (1), IRAM (3) | 0D, non-LTE | |
| HO: PdBi (1) |
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|
|
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| NGC 1333 IRAS4A | f | 5 × 10-3–3 × 10-2 | – | HDO: PdBi (1) | 0D, non-LTE |
| HO: PdBi (1) |
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|
|
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| This | 4 × 10-4–3.0 × 10-3 | about 10-2(4) | HDO: HIFI (1), IRAM (3), JCMT (1) | 1D, non-LTE | |
| paper | HO: PdBi∗ (1) |
||||
| HO: HIFI∗ (4) |
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|
|
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| NGC 1333 IRAS4B | g | ≤6 × 10-4 | – | HDO: SMA (non-detection) | 0D, non-LTE |
| HO: PdBi (1) |
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|
|
|||||
| This | 1 × 10-4–3.7 × 10-3 | – | HDO: HIFI (2), IRAM (2), APEX (1) | 1D, non-LTE | |
| paper | HO: PdBi∗ (1) |
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Notes.
References classified by order of publication for each source: a) Parise et al. (2005); Ceccarelli et al. (2000); b) Coutens et al. (2012, 2013); c) Persson et al. (2013); d) Liu et al. (2011); e) Visser et al. (2013); f) Taquet et al. (2013a); g) Jørgensen & van Dishoeck (2010a).
This column shows which tracers are used to determine the HDO/H2O ratios, which telescopes the analysis is based on, and how many detected lines (number into brackets) of each tracer are used. The notation IRAM refers to the single-dish 30 m-telescope. The star (∗) shows that the modeling of the water lines was not carried out in the study quoted in Col. 2, but come, as explained in the text, from the following papers: Jørgensen & van Dishoeck (2010a); Persson et al. (2012); Taquet et al. (2013a); Mottram et al. (2013).
This column describes the type of modeling used to determine the HDO/H2O ratio: 0D or 1D structure and LTE or non-LTE analysis.
This value has to be confirmed using a HDO abundance profile similar to the H2O profile in Mottram et al. (2013).
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