Comparison of the superadiabaticity of the 3D MURaM simulations with 1D MLT models. Top: 3D results averaged on planes of constant geometrical depth, z. Botom: 3D results averaged on iso-τ_R surfaces. The left subplots show the superadiabaticity of the atmospheric layers on a linear scale, the right subplots show the superadiabatic regime on a logarithmic scale. In the 1D models, the mixing-length parameter α was set to 1.5, 1.7, and 2.0 for F3V, G2V, and M0V, respectively.