Fig. 1
Time series of ionization rates of neutral He, Ne, and O used in this study. Shown are total ionization rates at 1 AU from the Sun, as well as photoionization, electron-impact, and charge exchange rates for all relevant reactions. The lower-right panel shows the total ionization rates of He, Ne, and O on a common scale. For comparison, the ionization rate of H (Bzowski et al. 2013) is added.
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