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Table 8

Abundance ratios of complex species in the observed sources and those in other chemically rich environments.

Source H2CO C2H5OH NH2CHO HCOOCH3 CH3OCH3 Refs.

Massive protostellar objects with a disk structure

IRAS 20126+4104 0.29p <0.10 <0.30 <0.34 <0.34 this work
IRAS 18089-1732 0.09p 0.18 0.34 0.13 0.60 this work
G31.41+0.31 0.06p 0.12 0.59 0.14 0.46 this work
AFGL 2591 0.28o <0.02 <1.00 0.51 <0.16 1
NGC 7538 IRS1 0.21o 0.05 0.25 0.12 <0.13 1
G24.78 0.23o 0.03 0.14 0.11 0.43 1

Massive protostellar objects with no detected disk structure

G75.78 0.20o <0.02 0.05 0.06 0.21 1
W 33A 0.27o 0.02 0.32 0.13 0.14 1
NGC 6334 IRS1 0.13o 0.02 0.17 0.12 0.60 1
W 3(H2O) 0.18o 0.01 0.27 0.05 0.15 1

Low-mass outflows

B1-b core 1.2 <1.0 2.3 <0.8 2
SMM4-W 0.6 <0.4 3.5 1.1 3
L1157 outflow 0.7 1.8 4, 5

Low-mass protostars

SMM1 6.6 <3.4 10 5.3 3
SMM4 2.2 <0.6 <1.0 0.8 3
NGC1333 IRAS 4A env. 56 <22 6, 7, 8
NGC1333 IRAS 4B env. 26 <19 6, 7, 8
IRAS 16293 env. 4 30 20 8, 9, 10

Low-mass hot corinos

IRAS 16293 A <0.02 1.4 0.6 0.6 11, 12
IRAS 16293 B 0.6 0.8 1.6 11, 12
NGC 1333 IRAS 2A 2 13, 14

Notes.The abundances are column densities with respect to CH3OH for oxygen-bearing species and with respect to HNCO for nitrogen-bearing species. The CH3OH and HNCO column densities are taken from the RTD analysis when available.

(p)

Para-H2CO.

(o)

Ortho-H2CO.

References. (1) Bisschop et al. (2007); (2) Öberg et al. (2010); (3) Öberg et al. (2011); (4) Bachiller & Perez Gutierrez (1997); (5) Arce et al. (2008); (6) Maret et al. (2005); (7) Bottinelli et al. (2007); (8) Herbst & van Dishoeck (2009); (9) van Dishoeck et al. (1995); (10) Cazaux et al. (2003); (11) Kuan et al. (2004); (12) Bisschop et al. (2008); (13) Huang et al. (2005); (14) Jørgensen et al. (2005).

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