Evidence for a cosmological effect in γ-ray spectra of BL Lacertae

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Table 1

List of HE-VHE BL Lacs and radio galaxies. Only statistical errors are given.

Source name	α_J2000	δ_J2000	Type	z	Γ_HE	Γ_VHE	Ref.

Centaurus A	13^h25^m27.6^s	−43°01′09″	FR1	0.00183	2.76 ± 0.05	2.7 ± 0.5	(1)
M 87	12^h30^m49.4^s	+ 12°23′28″	FR1	0.004233	2.17 ± 0.07	2.60 ± 0.35	(1)
Markarian 421	11^h04^m27.3^s	+ 38°12′32″	HBL	0.031	1.77 ± 0.01	2.20 ± 0.08	(1)
Markarian 501	16^h53^m52.2^s	+ 39°45′37″	HBL	0.034	1.74 ± 0.03	2.54 ± 0.70	(1)
1ES 2344+514	23^h47^m04.8^s	+ 51°42′18″	HBL	0.044	1.72 ± 0.08	2.95 ± 0.12	(1)
Markarian 180	11^h36^m26.4^s	+ 70°09′27″	HBL	0.046	1.74 ± 0.08	3.3 ± 0.7	(1)
1ES 1959+650	19^h59^m59.9^s	+ 65°08′55″	HBL	0.048	1.94 ± 0.03	2.58 ± 0.18	(1)
BL Lacertae	22^h02^m43.3^s	+ 42°16′40″	LBL	0.069	2.11 ± 0.04	3.6 ± 0.6	(1)
PKS 2005-489	20^h09^m25.4^s	−48°49′54″	HBL	0.071	1.78 ± 0.05	3.20 ± 0.16	(8)
RGB J0152+017	01^h52^m39.6^s	+ 01°47′17″	HBL	0.080	1.79 ± 0.14	2.95 ± 0.36	(1)
W Comae	12^h21^m31.7^s	+ 28°13′59″	IBL	0.102	2.02 ± 0.03	3.81 ± 0.35	(1)
PKS 2155-304	21^h58^m52.1^s	−30°13′32″	HBL	0.117	1.84 ± 0.02	3.32 ± 0.06	(1)
B3 2247+381	22^h50^m06.6^s	+ 38°25′58″	HBL	0.119	1.83 ± 0.11	3.2 ± 0.6	(9)
RGB J0710+591	07^h10^m30.1^s	+ 59°08′20″	HBL	0.125	1.53 ± 0.12	2.69 ± 0.26	(5)
H 1426+428	14^h28^m32.7^s	+ 42°40′21″	HBL	0.129	1.32 ± 0.12	3.5 ± 0.35	(1)
1ES 0806+524	08^h09^m49.2^s	+ 52°18′58″	HBL	0.138	1.94 ± 0.06	3.6 ± 1.0	(1)
1RXS J101015.9-311909	10^h10^m15.03^s	−31°18′18.4″	HBL	0.142	2.09 ± 0.15	3.08 ± .42	(7)
H 2356-309	23^h59^m07.9^s	−30°37′41″	HBL	0.167	1.89 ± 0.17	3.06 ± 0.15	(10)
RX J0648.7+1516	06^h48^m45.6^s	+ 15°16′12″	HBL	0.179	1.74 ± 0.11	4.4 ± 0.8	(4)
1ES 1218+304	12^h21^m21.9^s	+ 30°10′37″	HBL	0.182	1.71 ± 0.07	3.08 ± 0.34	(1)
1ES 1101-232	11^h03^m37.6^s	−23°29′30″	HBL	0.186	1.80 ± 0.21	2.94 ± 0.20	(1)
RBS 0413	03^h19^m51.8^s	+ 18°45′34″	HBL	0.19	1.55 ± 0.11	3.18 ± 0.68	(2)
1ES 1011+496	10^h15^m04.1^s	+ 49°26′01″	HBL	0.212	1.72 ± 0.04	4.0 ± 0.5	(1)
1ES 0414+009	04^h16^m52.4^s	+ 01°05′24″	HBL	0.287	1.98 ± 0.16	3.45 ± 0.25	(3)
S5 0716+714	07^h21^m53.4^s	+ 71°20′36″	LBL	0.310	2.00 ± 0.02	3.45 ± 0.54	(6)

Additional sources used for illustration only:

3C 66A	02^h22^m39.6^s	+ 43°02′08″	IBL	0.444?	1.85 ± 0.02	4.1 ± 0.4	(1)
4C +21.35	12^h24^m54.4^s	+ 21°22′46″	FSRQ	0.432	1.95 ± 0.21	3.75 ± 0.27	(11)
PG 1553+113	15^h55^m43.0^s	+ 11°11′24″	HBL	0.43 − 0.58	1.67 ± 0.02	4.41 ± 0.14^†	(12)
3C 279	12^h56^m11.2^s	−05°47′22″	FSRQ	0.536	2.22 ± 0.02	4.1 ± 0.7	(1)

Reference. (1) Abdo et al. (2009, see references therein); (2) Aliu et al. (2012); (3) Abramowski et al. (2012a); (4) Aliu et al. (2011); (5) Acciari et al. (2010); (6) Anderhub et al. (2009); (7) Abramowski et al. (2012b); (8) Acero et al. (2010); (9) Aleksić et al. (2012a); (10) Abramowski et al. (2010); (11) Aleksić et al. (2011); (12) Benbow & The VERITAS Collaboration (2011).

^(†)

Aleksić et al. (2012b) have recently published long-term observations on this object and derived a compatible photon index.

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