Temporal evolution of the χ² that corresponds to the difference between the simulated latitude distributions, averaged over all 100 runs, and the debiased observed latitude distribution (i.e., ) for three different values of parameter c_YORP = 0.05, 0.20, and 0.80 (we performed a chi-square test). Vertical histograms on the righthand side represent the distributions of at time t = 4 Gy for all 100 runs. Dotted line: the statistically significant probability value of 5%, i.e. χ² = 16.92.