Typical proton global trajectory from population “A” for parameters λ = 0.75, B_s = 10, α =  −0.1, η = 10^-6. The particle is taken from the many particle simulation, having initial position x = (−0.52,0.80,0.29) and velocity v = (−0.0044,0.0013, −0.0088)v_Ae. The magnetic field lines (thin dashed) are a projection of the field from the plane of the trajectory φ ≈ 120°. Inset shows the 3D trajectory of the proton as it crosses the spine-axis, the solid line in the centre is the line B_z(x,y,0.95) = 0.