Linear (left) and logarithmic (right) histograms of the vertically emerging continuum intensity at 500 nm (upper panels) and the vertical velocity on the average height level of the surface τ₅₀₀ = 1 (lower panels) averaged over all 19 snapshots from each simulation (black: CO⁵BOLD, red: MURaM, blue: Stagger). Positive velocities correspond to upflows. Thirty bins were used in all cases. Each histogram was normalized such that the sum of the density function over the bins becomes unity.