3D-representation of a “sheet” of particle trajectories with β = 1.0 and Q/m = 0.5 C/kg during the defocusing phase of the solar cycle. The start year is 1990. The particles are started in a “sheet” along the Z-axis to illustrate the defocusing effect of the Lorentz force with respect to the solar equator. In general, during the defocusing phase of the solar cycle, the particles are accelerated in the neighborhood of the Sun. Since β = 1, we only see the influence of the Lorentz forces (not the radiation pressure force or gravity).