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Table 6

CoRoT LRa01 planetary candidates: follow-up results.

Win ID B V r′ i′ Candidate        Follow-up facilities Comments
[mag] [mag] [mag] [mag] naturea Photometry Spectroscopy
Confirmed planets
E1 1031 14.656 14.018 13.760 13.405 CoRoT-5b IAC 80 AAOmega, SOPHIE, HARPS Rauer et al. (2009)
E2 0165 12.524 11.668 11.378 10.924 CoRoT-7b CFHT, CST/FASTCAM, VLT/NACO, IAC 80 AAOmega, FLAMES, CRIRES, HARPS, UVES Léger et al. (2009); Queloz et al. (2009); Hatzes et al. (2010); Bruntt et al. (2010); Pont et al. (2011); Hatzes et al. (2011)
E2 3459 16.343 15.515 15.211 14.685 CoRoT-12b IAC 80 HARPS, HIRES Gillon et al. (2010)
E2 5277 16.946 16.090 15.726 15.175 CoRoT-21b IAC 80 HARPS, HIRES IAC 80 confirms the transit is on target. HARPS and HIRES RV data confirm a hot-Jupiter planet with Mp ≈ 2   MJup transiting an F8 IV star with Teff  ≈  6100 K and log    g  ≈  3.5 dex (Pätzold et al., in prep.).
Settled cases: non-planetary objects
E1 0544 14.021 13.392 13.132 12.750 CEB EulerCam, IAC 80 AAOmega, SOPHIE Classified as F7 V by AAOmega. According to SOPHIE RV measurements, the star is a fast rotator and shows no RV variation down to a precision of 50 m s-1. EulerCam and IAC 80 photometry reveals that a  ~4 mag fainter star, located 9′′ west of the main target, contaminates the lightcurve with deep eclipses (D ≈ 20%).
E1 0561 12.417 12.000 11.826 11.589 SB3 AAOmega, SOPHIE, UVES γ-Doradus variable star, classified as an A7IV/V star by AAOmega. SOPHIE finds a low-contrast single peak CCF with an RV variation of about 52 km s-1, in anti-phase with the CoRoT ephemeris. A single epoch UVES spectrum reveals an SB3 system.
E1 2890 17.189 15.732 15.121 14.215 CEB IAC 80 IAC 80 observations find that a  ~3.2 mag fainter star, located  ~12′′ southeast of the target, shows a 40% deep eclipse. Taking into account the light contamination inside the photometric mask, the observed variation is consistent with the CoRoT transit-like signal.
E1 3666 16.172 15.470 15.133 14.668 CEB CFHT, IAC 80 IAC 80 and CHFT observations find that a  ~0.5 mag fainter star, located  ~8′′ west of the target, exhibits a 1.5% deep eclipse. Taking into account the light contamination inside the photometric mask, the observed variation is consistent with the CoRoT transit-like signal.
E1 5015 17.167 16.168 15.743 15.087 SB1 ESA-OGS HARPS Transit duration of 10 h indicates an eclipsing binary at photometric detection level. ESA-OGS observes the transit on target. Two HARPS RV measurements confirm a binary system with low-mass companion (K = 16.3 km s-1 if e = 0; M2 ≈ 0.18   M⊙ if M1 = 1   M⊙).
E1 4353 16.369 15.775 15.521 15.145 CEB EulerCam, IAC80 EulerCam finds that the transit-like signal is caused by a 5% deep eclipse in a nearby contaminant star (CoRoT ID: 0102691690, V = 16.7 mag). CEB scenario confirmed by IAC 80.
E2 1123 15.934 14.622 13.983 13.185 Blend IAC 80, Wise HARPS, CORALIE, UVES Wise and IAC 80 observe the transit on target. CORALIE, UVES, and HARPS show an active K5 V star with no detected RV variation at a level of about 50 m s-1. UVES spectra reveal 3 emission components in the core of the Ca ii H & K lines. The RVs of 2 components vary in phase at twice the transit period and with a maximum velocity difference of 67 km s-1. Blend scenario: suspected hierarchical triple system consisting of an active K-dwarf orbited by two eclipsing active M-type stars.
E2 1145 14.524 13.963 13.810 13.462 SB1 AAOmega, SOPHIE Also known as IRa01 E1 1873. Classified as A9 IV/V by AAOmega. SOPHIE finds an RV variation with a semi-aplitude K = 23.5 km s-1 (assuming e = 0) in anti-phase with the CoRoT ephemeris.
E2 1897 15.407 14.721 14.476 14.098 CEB CFHT Hints of a secondary eclipse are found in the lightcurve. Contamination by an eclipsing binary located  ~3′′ northeast from the main CoRoT target is found by CFHT photometry.
E2 2249 15.019 13.876 13.423 12.813 SB1 AAOmega, SOPHIE K0 III/IV star based on AA0mega spectra. SOPHIE finds an RV semi-amplitude K = 12.2 km s-1 (assuming e = 0) consistent with a binary system with low-mass companion (M2 ≈ 0.17   M⊙ if M1 = 1   M⊙).
E2 2481 14.885 13.958 13.598 13.059 SB2 AAOmega, SOPHIE Also a mono-transit candidate in IRa01, known as IRa01 E1 2046. AAOmega and SOPHIE identify this candidate as an SB2 system.
E2 2694 13.988 13.562 13.420 13.066 B3Ve star AAOmega, SOPHIE, HARPS SOPHIE and HARPS find no CCF, He i absorption lines, and strong emission Balmer lines. AAOmega identifies the star as a B3 Ve star. If on target, the observed transit signal is caused by an eclipsing star.
E2 4129 16.575 15.705 15.395 14.775 CEB Eulercam, Wise Wise observations are inconclusive. EulerCam reveals a 7% drop in the flux of a contaminating star located  ~4.5′′ north-northeast from the CoRoT target and responsible for the detected transit-like signal.
E2 5084 16.703 15.948 15.685 15.172 SB1 HARPS HARPS reveals an SB1 system with a K = 37.2 km s-1 RV curve (assuming e = 0) in anti-phase with the CoRoT ephemeris.
E2 5184 16.512 15.412 14.936 14.412 Blend CFHT HARPS Also in IRa01 as IRa01 E1 4108. CFHT confirms the transit on target. HARPS spectra yield Teff = 5000  ±  100 K, log    g = 4.4  ±  0.1 dex,  [M/H]  = 0.07  ±  0.06 dex, v sin i = 1.5  ±  0.5 km s-1, and SpT = K0 V. Strong HARPS CCF bisector-RV correlation identifies the candidate as a blend.
E2 5747 16.855 16.158 15.868 15.382 A-type star HARPS Also in IRa01 as IRa01 E1 4617. Transit duration (14.13 h) and depth (3.64%) implies stellar companion. HARPS finds no CCF. Target star identified as a rapidly rotating A-type star. If on target, the observed transit signal is caused by an eclipsing star.
E2 3739 16.283 15.546 15.261 14.736 A-type star EulerCam HARPS Also a mono-transit candidate in IRa01, known as IRa01 E1 4014. Transit depth (2.93%), duration (6.97 h), and shape indicate grazing stellar eclipses. Transit observed by EulerCam 0.15 days after the predicted time, but still consistent with the transit event being on target. HARPS spectroscopy shows no CCF and a rapidly rotating A-type star. The observed transit signal is caused by an eclipsing star.
E2 5756 16.892 16.236 15.963 15.520 A-type star IAC 80 HARPS Deep transit signal (2.72%) with steep ingress/egress. Transit on target according to IAC 80 observations. HARPS finds no CCF and a rapidly rotating A-type star. The observed transit signal is caused by an eclipsing star.
Unsettled good planetary candidates
E1 0286 14.415 13.295 12.807 12.178 Unknown CFHT, EulerCam Sandiford, SOPHIE, HARPS, HIRES, FIES Sandiford, HARPS, SOPHIE, HIRES, and FIES RV measurements show that the G8/9 IV primary star (Teff = 5250  ±  80 K, log    g = 3.75  ±  0.10 dex,  [M/H]  =  − 0.10  ±  0.05 dex, v sin i = 3.0  ±  1.0 km s-1) belongs to a stellar binary system (P = 337.52  ±  0.20 days, e ≈ 0.01, K = 6.22 ± 0.18 km s-1, yielding M2 ≈ 0.22   M⊙ if M1 = 1.10 M⊙). No RV variation in phase with the CoRoT ephemeris is found in the RV residuals down to 5 m s-1. CFHT and EulerCam photometric observations are not conclusive but might suggest a CEB scenario. The candidate is still under investigation.
E1 2101 15.257 14.153 13.509 12.907 Unknown CFHT, MONET-North HARPS The lightcurve shows a spot-induced 2% flux modulation with a period of  ~11 days. The transit signal is only found in the CoRoT red channel because its depth is below the noise level in the green and blue channels. Combined measurements with CFHT and MONET-North exclude CEB. HARPS reveals K6 V star with Teff  ≈  4250 K and log    g  ≈  4.5 dex. Six HARPS RV measurements show no significant sinusoidal variation down to a precision of 18 m s-1. The candidate is still under investigation.
E1 2240 15.859 15.221 14.914 14.475 Unknown Asymmetric transit shape. Owing to the low S/N ratio this is not conclusive to rule out the candidate.
E1 3216 16.470 15.694 15.331 14.856 Unknown It shows shallow out-of-transit variations.
E1 3221 16.350 15.584 15.201 14.685 Unknown V-shaped transit. Pulsations with periods of 0.78 and 8.75 days, typical of a giant, are detected in the lightcurve, in disagreement with the A5 V classification reported in Exo-Dat.
E1 4423 17.528 16.224 15.569 14.805 Unknown V-shaped transit. The lightcurve is strongly affected by instrumental effects (jumps).
E1 4594 18.182 16.657 15.993 14.692 Unknown IAC 80 The 6.62 h transit duration suggests an evolved host star. IAC 80 excludes nearby CEBs. The transit is concluded to be on target.
E1 4667 16.845 16.084 15.575 15.029 Unknown IAC 80, Wise HARPS Wise photometric observations are inconclusive because of bad weather. IAC 80 photometry excludes contamination by background eclipsing binaries. Two HARPS spectra unveil a G0 V star and show an RV variation of 84 m s-1, which is comparable to the error bars (~70 m s-1). The spectroscopic follow-up is still on-going.
E1 4719 16.577 15.881 15.520 15.049 Unknown EulerCam V-shaped and asymmetric transit shape. EulerCam follow-up might have missed the transit owing to the timing errors (2 h) at the time of the observations (28 October 2010). Nevertheless, large photometric variations from nearby contaminant stars are probably not the cause for the observed transit event.
E1 4820 16.891 16.153 15.855 15.367 Unknown ESA-OGS According to OGS-ESA observations, the transit is on target. The lightcurve analysis indicates possible out-of-transit variations and depth differences between even and odd transits.
E1 5320 17.022 16.134 15.736 15.182 Unknown Uncertain detection. The transit-like signal is only identified in the phase-folded lightcurve.
E1 5536 17.032 16.208 15.835 15.307 Unknown CFHT Although CFHT observed a 0.40 ± 0.25% deep transit on target compatible with the CoRoT signal, some of the nearby background stars could not be excluded as possible contaminants. Observations are considered inconclusive.
E2 3156 17.211 15.757 15.127 14.271 Unknown IAC 80 HARPS, HIRES The transit is only seen in the red CoRoT channel because its depth is below the noise level in the green and blue channels. It is V-shaped and has a long duration (~2 h) for a planetary object. According to IAC 80 observations, background contaminants are probably excluded. There is a 20 − 30% chance of missed transit owing to timing errors. HARPS & HIRES find no RV variation down to a precision of 10 m s-1. The candidate is still under investigation.
E2 3619 16.457 15.555 15.167 14.608 Unknown AAOmega Also in IRa01 as IRa01 E1 2060. G8 V star according to Exo-Dat. Classified as a G0 IV/V star by low-resolution AAOmega observations. CoRoT photometry shows multi-periodic variations with frequency spacing consistent with a giant. True spectral type unclear.
E2 4519 16.316 15.748 15.510 15.134 Unknown EulerCam, IAC 80 EulerCam and IAC 80 observations show no photometric variations in any of the nearby stars. However, the transit might have been missed owing to the timing errors (1.5 h) at the time of the observations (Nov. − Dec. 2010). Still, the transit-like signal is considered to arise from the target.
Unsettled low-priority planetary candidates
E1 2970 15.057 14.487 14.263 13.837 Unknown V-shaped transit signal detected only in the red channel. No significant detection in the blue and green channels. Hints of secondary eclipse in the red lightcurve. Suspected CEB.
E1 3617 16.432 15.618 15.219 14.722 Unknown Several frequencies coherent with the transit period point to activities induced by a massive companion. Hints of secondary eclipses in the lightcurve. Suspected eclipsing binary.
E1 3674 15.785 15.324 15.146 14.842 Unknown V-shaped transit with long duration (3.38 h) seen only in the red channel. No significant detection in the blue and green lightcurve. Suspected CEB.
E1 4272 16.750 15.868 15.506 14.889 Unknown ESA-OGS ESA-OGS confirms the transit signal to be on target. Out-of-transit variations detected in the lightcurve. Suspected eclipsing binary.
E1 4777 16.097 15.263 14.899 14.387 Unknown IAC 80 V-shaped transit with long duration (3.90 h) and depth differences by more than 1σ in the three color channels. No transit detected by IAC 80, possibly owing to underestimated transit timing error at the time of the observations (February 2011).
E1 4836 16.597 15.853 15.545 15.067 Unknown V-shaped signal with significant (12σ) depth difference between even and odd transits. Suspected eclipsing binary.
E1 5450 17.537 16.382 15.878 15.163 Unknown Asymmetric transit shape. Duration too long (9.23 h) to be consistent with a transiting planet.
E2 2185 15.830 15.078 14.772 14.299 Unknown Also in IRa01 as IRa01 E1 1319. V-shaped long transit signal (3.57 h). Faint secondary eclipse at phase 0.5 and depth differences between even and odd transits suggest an eclipsing binary.
E2 2597 15.286 14.165 13.753 12.980 Unknown AAOmega, FLAMES The signal is only present in the blue channel. No significant detection in the green and red lightcurve. Classified as a G6 III/IV star by AAOmega. FLAMES yields Teff  =  4991 ± 140 K, log    g  =  3.24 ± 0.30 dex,  [M/H]  =  −0.29 ± 0.15 dex, and v sin i  =  4.8 ± 2.0 km s-1. Suspected CEB.
E2 2627 15.872 15.127 14.848 14.358 Unknown AAOmega V-shaped transit signal found only in the CoRoT blue channel. No significant detection in the green and red channels. Classified as an F4 V star by AAOmega. Suspected CEB.
E2 3157 15.990 14.858 14.351 13.715 Unknown V-shaped signal found only in the red channel with significant (5σ) depth differences between even and odd transits. Suspected CEB.
E2 4494 17.225 16.069 15.561 14.795 Unknown Asymmetric transit signal with long duration (2.81 h).
E2 4910 16.240 15.357 14.977 14.447 Unknown IAC 80 AAOmega Also in IRa01 as IRa01 E1 1531. Classified as an F7/8 V star according to AAOmega. IAC 80 observes the transit on target. Secondary eclipses found in the lightcurve. Suspected eclipsing binary.
E2 5194 17.126 16.093 15.667 15.154 Unknown Transit duration too long (2.79 h) for a planetary companion. Suspected eclipsing binary.
False alarms
E1 2960 15.144 14.400 14.061 13.625 Unknown Transit-like signal detected only in the CoRoT red channel. Instrumental effects (jumps) in the lightcurve might mimic the transit-like signal.
E2 3389 16.948 15.649 15.087 14.127 Unknown Instrumental effects (jumps) in the lightcurve might mimic the transit-like signal.
E2 3612 17.369 16.013 15.482 14.541 Unknown Asymmetric transit shape. Instrumental effects (jumps) in the lightcurve might mimic the transit-like signal.
X-case candidates
E2 0928 16.035 15.618 15.476 15.220 Unknown Transit signal too deep (2.60%) for a planetary candidate if spectral type is A5 IV (Exo-Dat). It needs spectral type confirmation.
E2 5678 16.505 15.909 15.617 15.257 Unknown Transit signal too deep (4.33%) for a planetary candidate if spectral type is F8 V (Exo-Dat). It needs spectral type confirmation.

Notes. 

(a)

The following abbreviations are used. CEB: Spatially resolved contaminating eclipsing binary system whose light is diluted by the main CoRoT target. SB1: Binary system with one spectroscopically visible stellar component. SB2: Binary system with two spectroscopically visible stellar components. SB3: Triple system with three spectroscopically visible stellar components. Blend: spatially unresolved eclipsing binary system whose light is diluted by the main CoRoT target.

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