Table 1
GRAMS carbon-star model grid parameter coverage.
| Photosphere modela | |
| L∗ (L⊙) | ~1100 to ~26 000 |
| Teff (K) | 2600 to 4000 (100)b |
| log g [cm s-1] | −1.0 to 0.0 (0.1)c |
| M (M⊙) | 1, 2, 3 and 5 |
| C/O | 1.4, 2.0 and 5.0 |
| Dust shell properties | |
| Rin (R∗) | 1.5, 3, 4.5, 7, 12 |
| Rout (Rin) | 1000 |
| density profile | ρ(r) ∝ r-2 |
| vexp(km s-1) | 10 |
| Dust grain properties | |
| Species | AmCd + SiCe |
| SiC fraction | 10% |
| τ(11 μm) | 10-3 to 10-1 (5 per dex), |
| 0.1 to 1 (0.1) and | |
| 1.5 to 4 (0.5) | |
| Size distribution | KMHf |
| amin(μm) = 0.01 | |
| a0(μm) = 1 | |
| γ = 3.5 | |
| Mass-loss rate and dust temperature | |
| Ṁdust (M⊙ yr-1) | 1.5 × 10-12 to 2.1 × 10-7 |
| Ṁgas (M⊙ yr-1)g | 3.0 × 10-10 to 4.3 × 10-5 |
| Tin (K) | 710 to 1800h |
Notes.
Photosphere model from Aringer et al. (2009, A09).
Amorphous carbon grains, ρ = 1.8 g cm-3, optical constants from Zubko et al. (1996).
SiC grains, ρ = 3.22 g cm-3, optical constants from Pégourié (1988).
Size distribution from Kim et al. (1994): n(a) ~ a − γexp( − a/a0) with a > amin.
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