Thermal evolution with the vortex creep mechanism. All curves show the interior temperature as a function of time, for stars with mass M = 1.4   M_⊙, initial temperature T = 10¹¹ K, and initial period P₀ = 1 ms. The magnetic fields B = 10⁸ G and B = 10¹¹ G correspond to MSPs and classical pulsars, respectively. The excess angular momentum used is J = 10⁴³   erg   s. The solid lines show the evolution using the A18+ δυ + UIX* EOS, with only modified Urca reactions, and the dashed lines show the evolution using BPAL 22 EOS, with direct Urca reactions. The dotted lines show the evolution with passive cooling for direct and modified Urca reactions.