Cosmic voids and the kinetic analysis

IV. Hubble tension and the cosmological constant

¹ Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics, Alikhanian National Laboratory, Alikhanian Brothers str.2, 0036, and Yerevan State University, Manukian str.1, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
² SIA, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Salaria 851/881, 00191 Rome, Italy
³ Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of RAS, Miusskaya Sq. 4, 125047 Moscow, Russia
⁴ Institute of Computer Aided Design of RAS, 2nd Brestskaya st., 123056 Moscow, Russia

^⋆ Corresponding author; gurzadyan@yerphi.am

Received: 4 January 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2025

Abstract

The formation of cosmic structures in the late Universe was considered using the Vlasov kinetic approach. The crucial point is the use of the gravitational potential with repulsive term of the cosmological constant, which provides a solution to the Hubble tension, that is, the Hubble parameter for the late Universe has to differ from its global cosmological value. This also provides a mechanism of formation of stationary semi-periodic gravitating structures of voids and walls, so that the cosmological constant has the role of the scaling. It can therefore be compared with the observational data for given regions. The considered mechanism of the structure formation in the late cosmological epoch then succeeds the epoch described by the evolution of primordial density fluctuations.