Issue |
A&A
Volume 690, October 2024
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A92 | |
Number of page(s) | 21 | |
Section | Extragalactic astronomy | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450815 | |
Published online | 03 October 2024 |
Large-scale structure around the Fornax-Eridanus complex
1
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
2
Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, 9700AK Groningen, The Netherlands
3
Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 3939, San Joaquín, Santiago de Chile, Chile
4
School of Physics, Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
5
Leibniz-Institute für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany
6
School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 1TT, United Kingdom
Received:
21
May
2024
Accepted:
2
July
2024
Aims. Our objectives are to map the filamentary network around the Fornax-Eridanus complex and probe the influence of the local environment on galaxy morphology.
Methods. We employed the novel machine-learning tool, named, 1-Dimensional, Recovery, Extraction, and Analysis of Manifolds (1-DREAM) to detect and model filaments around the Fornax cluster. We then used the morphology-density relation of galaxies to examine the variation in the galaxies’ morphology with respect to their distance from the central axis of the detected filaments.
Results. We detected 27 filaments that vary in length and galaxy-number density around the Fornax-Eridanus complex. We find that 81% of galaxies in our catalogue belong to filaments and 19% of galaxies are located outside filaments. The filaments around the Fornax-Eridanus complex showcase a variety of environments: some filaments encompass groups and clusters, while others are only inhabited by galaxies in pristine filamentary environments. In this context, we reveal a well-known structure, namely: the Fornax Wall, which passes through the Dorado group, Fornax cluster, and Eridanus supergroup. With regard to the morphology of galaxies, we find that early-type galaxies (ETGs) populate high-density filaments and high-density regions of the Fornax Wall. Furthermore, the fraction of the ETG-population decreases as the distance to the central axis of the filament increases. The fraction of late-type galaxies (LTGs; 8%) is lower than that of ETGs (12%) at 0.5 Mpc/h from the filament spine. Of the total galaxy population in filaments around the Fornax-Eridanus complex, ∼7% are ETGs and ∼24% are LTGs located in pristine environments of filaments, while ∼27% are ETGs and ∼42% are LTGs in groups and clusters within filaments. Among the galaxies in the filamentary network around the Fornax-Eridanus complex, 44% of them belong to the Fornax Wall.
Conclusions. This study reveals the cosmic web around the Fornax cluster, which exhibits a variety of filamentary environments. With this, our research asserts that filamentary environments are heterogeneous in nature. When investigating the role of the environment on galaxy morphology, it is essential to consider both the local number-density and a galaxy’s proximity to the filament spine (i.e. the filament core). Within this framework, we ascribe the observed morphological segregation in the Fornax Wall to the pre-processing of galaxies among groups embedded in it.
Key words: galaxies: evolution / galaxies: clusters: individual: Fornax / galaxies: groups: individual: Dorado / galaxies: groups: individual: Eridanus / large-scale structure of Universe
© The Authors 2024
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This article is published in open access under the Subscribe to Open model. Subscribe to A&A to support open access publication.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.