The Fourth S-PLUS Data Release: 12-filter photometry covering ~3000 square degrees in the southern hemisphere

¹ Cambridge Survey Astronomical Unit (CASU), Insitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, GB, UK
² Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Rua do Matão, 1226, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
³ Observatório do Valongo, Ladeira Pedro Antônio, 43, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20080-090, Brazil
⁴ Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930, Consolação, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
⁵ University of Washington, 1415 NE 45th St, Seattle, 98195, USA
⁶ Centro de Astronomía (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
⁷ Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Nuncio Monseñor Sotero Sanz 100, Of. 104, Providencia 750-0000, Chile
⁸ Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica, Rua Estados Unidos, 154, Itajubá 37504-364, Brazil
⁹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/ Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, 38205, Spain
¹⁰ Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
¹¹ Giant Magellan Telescope, 251 S. Lake Ave, Suite 300, Pasadena 91101, USA
¹² INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio, 5, Padova 35122, Italy
¹³ Observatório Nacional, Rua General José Cristino, 77, Bairro São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro 20921-400, Brazil
¹⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata, UNLP-CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata B1900FWA, Argentina
¹⁵ Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata B1900FWA, Argentina
¹⁶ Centro Universitário FEI, Av. Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, 3972, São Bernardo do Campo 09850-901, Brazil
¹⁷ Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bartycka 18, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
¹⁸ Instituto de Astronomía y Ciencias Planetarias, Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapó 1530000, Chile
¹⁹ Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
²⁰ Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Rodovia Mário Covas, lote J2, quadra J, Itaguaí 23810-000, Brazil
²¹ Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
²² Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena, 1720256, Chile
²³ Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Rua do Matão, 1010, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
²⁴ Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1720236, Chile
²⁵ Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
²⁶ Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, Cerro Pachón, La Serena 1720236, Chile
²⁷ Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden 2333 CA, The Netherlands
²⁸ TNO, Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, Den Haag, 2597 AK, The Netherlands
²⁹ NSF NOIRLab, 950 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson 85719, USA
³⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy and JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements (JINA-CEE), 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame 46556, USA
³¹ Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa & Vas. Pavlou, Palaia Penteli, 15236, Greece
³² Department of Astronomy & Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson 85721, USA
³³ Rubin Observatory Project Office, 950 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson 85719, USA

Received: 25 February 2024
Accepted: 2 July 2024

Abstract

Context. The Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS) is a project to map ~9300 sq deg of the sky using twelve bands (seven narrow and five broadbands). Observations are performed with the T80-South telescope, a robotic telescope located at the Cerro Tololo Observatory in Chile. The survey footprint consists of several large contiguous areas, including fields at high and low galactic latitudes, and towards the Magellanic Clouds. S-PLUS uses fixed exposure times to reach point source depths of about 21 mag in the 𝑔riɀ and 20 mag in the u and the narrow filters.

Aims. This paper describes the S-PLUS Data Release 4 (DR4), which includes calibrated images and derived catalogues for over 3000 sq deg, covering the aforementioned area. The catalogues provide multi-band photometry performed with the tools DoPHOT and SExtractor – point spread function (PSF) and aperture photometry, respectively. In addition to the characterization, we also present the scientific potential of the data.

Methods. We use statistical tools to present and compare the photometry obtained through different methods. Overall we find good agreement between the different methods, with a slight systematic offset of 0.05 mag between our PSF and aperture photometry. We show that the astrometry accuracy is equivalent to that obtained in previous S-PLUS data releases, even in very crowded fields where photometric extraction is challenging. The depths of main survey (MS) photometry for a minimum signal-to-noise ratio S/N = 3 reach from ~19.5 for the bluer bands to ~21.5 mag on the red. The range of magnitudes over which accurate PSF photometry is obtained is shallower, reaching ~19 to ~20.5 mag depending on the filter. Based on these photometric data, we provide star-galaxy-quasar classification and photometric redshift for millions of objects.

Results. We demonstrate the versatility of the data by presenting the results of a project to identify members of four Abell galaxy clusters in the Local Universe. The S-PLUS DR4 data allow for a reliable assessment of cluster membership out to a large radius corresponding to 5 × r₂₀₀. The S-PLUS DR4 can be accessed through the survey data portal. All the software used to generate the catalogues for this release and the scientific investigation presented is available in the collaboration GitHub repository.

Conclusions. The S-PLUS DR4 consists of a large, calibrated public dataset, providing powerful ways for studying Galactic and extra-galactic objects through an extensive set of (broad and narrow) filters.