Issue |
A&A
Volume 687, July 2024
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A264 | |
Number of page(s) | 24 | |
Section | Planets and planetary systems | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202349127 | |
Published online | 22 July 2024 |
Three short-period Earth-sized planets around M dwarfs discovered by TESS: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b
1
Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège,
Allée du 6 Août 19C,
4000
Liège,
Belgium
e-mail: khalid.barkaoui@uliege.be
2
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge,
MA
02139,
USA
3
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Calle Vía Láctea s/n,
38200
La Laguna, Tenerife,
Spain
4
Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian,
60 Garden St,
Cambridge,
MA
02138,
USA
5
Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo,
3-8-1 Komaba,
Meguro, Tokyo
153-8902,
Japan
6
Astrobiology Center,
2-21-1 Osawa,
Mitaka, Tokyo
181-8588,
Japan
7
Department of Physics, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology,
Surat-395007,
Gujarat,
India
8
Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Università di Napoli Federico II,
Napoli,
Italy
9
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo,
Via Cintia Edificio 6,
80126
Napoli,
Italy
10
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte,
via Moiariello 16,
80131
Napoli,
Italy
11
National Astronomical Observatory,
2-21-1 Osawa,
Mitaka-shi, Tokyo
181-8588,
Japan
12
Department of Physics, Presidency University,
Kolkata-700073,
West Bengal,
India
13
Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla,
CA
92093,
USA
14
Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge,
MA
02139,
USA
15
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL),
38206
La Laguna, Tenerife,
Spain
16
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n,
18008
Granada,
Spain
17
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville,
TN
37235,
USA
18
NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory,
950 N. Cherry Ave.,
Tucson,
AZ
85719,
USA
19
NASA Exoplanet Science Institute-Caltech/IPAC,
Pasadena,
CA
91125,
USA
20
Department of Physics, Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla,
CA
92093,
USA
21
Department of Physics & Astronomy, Stanford University,
Stanford,
CA
94305,
USA
22
Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo,
3-8-1 Komaba,
Meguro, Tokyo
153-8902,
Japan
23
Dpt. Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n,
18071
Granada,
Spain
24
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame,
South Bend,
IN
46556,
USA
25
NASA Ames Research Center,
Moffett Field,
CA
94035,
USA
26
Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,
2-21-1 Osawa,
Mitaka, Tokyo
181-8588,
Japan
27
Astronomical Science Program, Graduate University for Advanced Studies,
SOKENDAI, 2-21-1, Osawa,
Mitaka, Tokyo
181-8588,
Japan
28
Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge,
MA
02139,
USA
29
Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, UC San Diego,
UCSD Mail Code 0424, 9500 Gilman Drive,
La Jolla,
CA
92093-0424,
USA
30
Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland,
College Park,
MD
20742,
USA
31
Kotizarovci Observatory,
Sarsoni 90,
51216
Viskovo,
Croatia
32
Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo,
7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033,
Japan
33
Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder,
Boulder,
CO
80309,
USA
34
Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University,
Princeton,
NJ
08544,
USA
35
SETI Institute,
Mountain View,
CA
94043
USA
Received:
29
December
2023
Accepted:
9
May
2024
One of the main goals of the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is the discovery of Earth-like planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. We present the discovery and validation of three new short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b. We combined TESS data, ground-based multicolor light curves, ground-based optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, and Subaru/IRD radial velocity data to validate the planetary candidates and constrain the physical parameters of the systems. In addition, we used archival images, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation techniques to support the planetary validation. TOI-5720 b is an Earth-sized planet with a radius of Rp = 1.09 ± 0.07 R⊕. It orbits a nearby (36 pc) M 2.5 host with an orbital period of P = 1.4344555 ± 0.0000036 days. It has an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 708 ± 19 K (assuming a null albedo) and an incident flux of Sp = 41.7 ± 4.5 S⊕. TOI-6008 b is a short-period planet of P = 0.8574347 ± 0.0000424 day. It has a radius of Rp = 1.03 ± 0.05 R⊕, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 707 ± 19 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 41.5 ± 4.5 S⊕. The host star (TOI-6008) is a nearby (23 pc) M 5 with an effective temperature of Teff = 3075 ± 75 K. Based on the radial velocity measurements collected with Subaru/IRD, we set a 3σ upper limit of Mp < 4 M⊕, thus ruling out a star or brown dwarf as the transiting companion. TOI-6086 b orbits its nearby (32 pc) M 3 host star (Teff = 3200 ± 75 K) every 1.3888725 ± 0.0000827 days and has a radius of Rp = 1.18 ± 0.07 R⊕, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 634 ± 16 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 26.8 ± 2.7 S⊕. Additional high-precision radial velocity measurements are needed to derive the planetary masses and bulk densities and to search for additional planets in the systems. Moreover, short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting around nearby M dwarfs are suitable targets for an atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope through transmission and emission spectroscopy and phase-curve photometry.
Key words: techniques: photometric / techniques: radial velocities / stars: individual: TOI-5720 / stars: individual: TOI-6008 / stars: individual: TOI-6086
© The Authors 2024
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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