Asteroid reflectance spectra from Gaia DR3: Near-UV in primitive asteroids^★

¹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), C/ Vía Láctea s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Spain
e-mail: ftinaut@iac.es
² Department of Astrophysics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
³ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
⁴ Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA), Plaza San Juan, 1, 44001 Teruel, Spain
⁵ Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
⁶ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

Received: 27 November 2023
Accepted: 27 February 2024

Abstract

Context. In the context of charge-coupled devices (CCDs), the ultraviolet (UV) region has mostly remained unexplored after the 1990s. Gaia DR3 offers the community a unique opportunity to explore tens of thousands of asteroids in the near-UV as a proxy of the UV absorption. This absorption has been proposed in previous works as a diagnostic of hydration, organics, and space weathering.

Aims. In this work, we aim to explore the potential of the NUV as a diagnostic region for primitive asteroids using Gaia DR3.

Methods. We used a corrective factor over the blue part of Gaia spectra to erase the solar analog selection effect. We identified an artificial relation between the band noise and slope and applied a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) threshold for Gaia bands. Meeting the quality standards, we employed a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to compute the albedo threshold, maximizing primitive asteroid inclusion. Utilizing one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) projections, along with dimensionality-reduction methods (such as PCA and UMAP), we identified primitive asteroid populations.

Results. We uncovered: (a) the first observational evidence linking UV absorption to the 0.7 µm band, tied to hydrated iron-rich phyllosilicates; and (b) a 2D space revealing a split in C-type asteroids based on spectral features, including UV absorption. The computed average depth (3.5 ± 1.0 %) and center (0.70 ± 0.03 µm) of the 0.7 µm absorption band for primitive asteroids observed with Gaia is in agreement with the literature values.

Conclusions. In this paper, we shed light on the importance of the UV absorption feature to discriminate among different mineralogies (i.e., iron-rich phyllosilicates vs. iron-poor) or to identify taxonomies that are conflated in the visible (i.e., F-types vs. B-types). We have shown that this is a promising region for diagnostic studies of the composition of primitive asteroids.