Euclid preparation

XXXVI. Modelling the weak lensing angular power spectrum

¹ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
e-mail: t.kitching@ucl.ac.uk
² Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
³ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
⁴ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
⁵ Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
⁶ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
⁷ INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁹ INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
¹⁰ Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
¹¹ Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
¹² INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
¹³ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
¹⁴ INFN-Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
¹⁵ Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
¹⁶ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
¹⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
¹⁸ INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
¹⁹ INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
²⁰ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
²¹ INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy
²² Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
²³ Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
²⁴ Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
²⁵ Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Carrer Gran Capitá 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
²⁶ Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
²⁷ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
²⁸ INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
²⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
³⁰ Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
³¹ Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16, France
³² ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
³³ European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
³⁴ Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
³⁵ UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
³⁶ Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
³⁷ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
³⁸ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
³⁹ Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
⁴⁰ INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
⁴¹ Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁴² University of Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁴³ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
⁴⁴ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁴⁵ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
⁴⁶ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
⁴⁷ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
⁴⁸ Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
⁴⁹ Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Denmark
⁵⁰ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁵¹ Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
⁵² Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁵³ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
⁵⁴ Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
⁵⁵ Department of Physics, PO Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁵⁶ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
⁵⁷ NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
⁵⁸ Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁵⁹ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
⁶⁰ Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK
⁶¹ Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
⁶² Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁶³ European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
⁶⁴ Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
⁶⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
⁶⁶ AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁶⁷ Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
⁶⁸ CEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d’Astrophysique, Bât. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁶⁹ Institute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov 077125, Romania
⁷⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁷¹ INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁷² Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁷³ Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile
⁷⁴ Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
⁷⁵ Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
⁷⁶ Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
⁷⁷ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
⁷⁸ Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
⁷⁹ Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
⁸⁰ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
⁸¹ IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
⁸² Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁸³ Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010 New York, NY, USA
⁸⁴ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
⁸⁵ Junia, EPA department, 41 Bd Vauban, 59800 Lille, France
⁸⁶ INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁸⁷ Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
⁸⁸ CERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
⁸⁹ Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
⁹⁰ Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, LERMA, 750 Paris, France
⁹¹ Astrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
⁹² SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy
⁹³ INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy
⁹⁴ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁹⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
⁹⁶ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
⁹⁷ Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
⁹⁸ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035, USA
⁹⁹ INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
¹⁰⁰ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
¹⁰¹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822, USA
¹⁰² Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine Irvine CA 92697, USA
¹⁰³ INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
¹⁰⁴ Department of Astronomy & Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
¹⁰⁵ University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
¹⁰⁶ Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), German Centre for Cosmological Lensing (GCCL), 44780 Bochum, Germany
¹⁰⁷ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
¹⁰⁸ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble, France
¹⁰⁹ Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
¹¹⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
¹¹¹ Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
¹¹² Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
¹¹³ Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
¹¹⁴ Department of Mathematics and Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, CP-I93, 73100 Lecce, Italy
¹¹⁵ INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Arnesano, CP-193, 73100 Lecce, Italy
¹¹⁶ INAF-Sezione di Lecce, c/o Dipartimento Matematica e Fisica, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
¹¹⁷ Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
¹¹⁸ Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
¹¹⁹ Université St Joseph; Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
¹²⁰ Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA

Received: 9 February 2023
Accepted: 12 January 2024

Abstract

This work considers which higher order modeling effects on the cosmic shear angular power spectra must be taken into account for Euclid. We identified the relevant terms and quantified their individual and cumulative impact on the cosmological parameter inferences from Euclid. We computed the values of these higher order effects using analytic expressions and calculated the impact on cosmological parameter estimations using the Fisher matrix formalism. We reviewed 24 effects and determined the ones that potentially need to be accounted for, namely: the reduced shear approximation, magnification bias, source-lens clustering, source obscuration, local Universe effects, and the flat Universe assumption. After computing these effects explicitly and calculating their cosmological parameter biases, using a maximum multipole of ℓ = 5000, we find that the magnification bias, source-lens clustering, source obscuration, and local Universe terms individually produce significant (> 0.25σ) cosmological biases in one or more parameters; accordingly, these effects must be accounted for and warrant further investigation. In total, we find biases in Ω_m, Ω_b, h, and σ₈ of 0.73σ, 0.28σ, 0.25σ, and −0.79σ, respectively, for the flat ΛCDM. For the w₀w_aCDM case, we found biases in Ω_m, Ω_b, h, n_s, σ₈, and w_a of 1.49σ, 0.35σ, −1.36σ, 1.31σ, −0.84σ, and −0.35σ, respectively. These are increased relative to the ΛCDM due to additional degeneracies as a function of redshift and scale.