Confirmation of the presence of a CRSF in the NICER spectrum of X 1822-371

¹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica – Emilio Segrè, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
e-mail: rosario.iaria@unipa.it
² INAF/IASF Palermo, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
³ Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38122 Povo (TN), Italy
⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SP Monserrato-Sestu, KM 0.7, Monserrato 09042, Italy

Received: 11 January 2023
Accepted: 28 December 2023

Abstract

Aims. X 1822-371 is an eclipsing binary system with a period close to 5.57 h and an orbital period derivative Ṗ_orb of 1.42(3) × 10⁻¹⁰ s s⁻¹. The extremely high value of its Ṗ_orb is compatible with a super-Eddington mass transfer rate from the companion star and, consequently, an intrinsic luminosity at the Eddington limit. The source is also an X-ray pulsar, it shows a spin frequency of 1.69 Hz and is in a spin-up phase with a spin frequency derivative of 7.4 × 10⁻¹² Hz s⁻¹. Assuming a luminosity at the Eddington limit, a neutron star magnetic field strength of B = 8 × 10¹⁰ G is estimated. However, a direct measure of B could be obtained observing a CRSF in the energy spectrum. Analysis of XMM-Newton data suggested the presence of a cyclotron line at 0.73 keV, with an estimated magnetic field strength of B = (8.8 ± 0.3)×10¹⁰ G.

Methods. Here we analyze the 0.3–50 keV broadband spectrum of X 1822-371 combining a 0.3–10 keV NICER spectrum and a 4.5–50 keV NuSTAR spectrum to investigate the presence of a cyclotron absorption line and the complex continuum emission spectrum.

Results. The NICER spectrum confirms the presence of a cyclotron line at 0.66 keV. The continuum emission is modeled with a Comptonized component, a thermal component associated with the presence of an accretion disk truncated at the magnetospheric radius of 105 km and a reflection component from the disk blurred by relativistic effects.

Conclusions. We confirm the presence of a cyclotron line at 0.66 keV inferring a NS magnetic field of B = (7.9 ± 0.5)×10¹⁰ G and suggesting that the Comptonized component originates in the accretion columns.