Performance of the joint LST-1 and MAGIC observations evaluated with Crab Nebula data

¹ Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
² Department of Physics, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
³ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁴ Departament de Física Quântica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
⁵ Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
⁶ Grupo de Electronica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
⁷ National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), 00136 Rome, Italy
⁸ INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine, via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
⁹ International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics (ICRA), Rome, Italy
¹⁰ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
¹¹ INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy
¹² Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Föhringer Ring 6, 80805 München, Germany
¹³ Università di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy
¹⁴ Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
¹⁵ Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules – IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
¹⁶ Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
¹⁷ Croatian MAGIC Group, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (FER), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
¹⁸ Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
¹⁹ Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
²⁰ IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
²¹ Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
²² INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofísica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
²³ Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, RJ 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
²⁴ INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
²⁵ Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 149-153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
²⁶ Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
²⁷ ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
²⁸ INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy
²⁹ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy
³⁰ University of Geneva, Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
³¹ INFN Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
³² Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
³³ INAF – Istituto di Astrofísica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
³⁴ Università di Pisa and INFN Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
³⁵ Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
³⁶ INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
³⁷ INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
³⁸ Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
³⁹ Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Norway
⁴⁰ Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
⁴¹ University of Alcalá UAH, Departamento de Physics and Mathematics, Pza. San Diego, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
⁴² INFN MAGIC Group, INFN Sezione di Catania and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
⁴³ Port d’Informació Científica (PIC), 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
⁴⁴ Port d’Informació Científica, Edifici D, Carrer de l’Albareda, 08193 Bellaterrra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
⁴⁵ INFN MAGIC Group, INFN Sezione di Torino and Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
⁴⁶ University of Rijeka, Department of Physics, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
⁴⁷ Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
⁴⁸ Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Plasma-Astroteilchenphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
⁴⁹ INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
⁵⁰ ILANCE, CNRS – University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
⁵¹ Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 739-8526 Hiroshima, Japan
⁵² Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
⁵³ INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
⁵⁴ Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
⁵⁵ University of Split, FESB, R. Boškovića 32, 21000 Split, Croatia
⁵⁶ Department of Physics, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
⁵⁷ Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Physics, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
⁵⁸ INFN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche – Università degli Studi dell’Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Via Vetoio 1, Viale Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
⁵⁹ Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
⁶⁰ Finnish MAGIC Group, Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
⁶¹ FZU – Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
⁶² Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bocni II 1401, 14100 Prague, Czech Republic
⁶³ Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
⁶⁴ Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
⁶⁵ Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Norway
⁶⁶ Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
⁶⁷ INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Valerio 2 I, 34127 Trieste, Italy
⁶⁸ INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA), Sezione di Fisica, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
⁶⁹ Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Edif. A3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
⁷⁰ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁷¹ Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700 064, India
⁷² Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 boul. Tsarigradsko chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
⁷³ Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica ‘E. Segrè’, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo  
⁷⁴ Università di Siena and INFN Pisa, 53100 Siena, Italy
⁷⁵ Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
⁷⁶ School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan
⁷⁷ RIKEN, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
⁷⁸ Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
⁷⁹ Finnish MAGIC Group, Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
⁸⁰ Charles University, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
⁸¹ Division of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
⁸² Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
⁸³ Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute (KMI) for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
⁸⁴ Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
⁸⁵ INAF – Osservatorio astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁸⁶ Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
⁸⁷ IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 141, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁸⁸ Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Simo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
⁸⁹ Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), and Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), and Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n 08193 Bellatera, Spain
⁹⁰ INFN MAGIC Group, INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
⁹¹ Dipartimento di Fisica – Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
⁹² Department of Physics, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-8501, Japan

Received: 17 May 2023
Accepted: 1 October 2023

Abstract

Aims. Large-Sized Telescope 1 (LST-1), the prototype for the Large-Sized Telescope at the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, is concluding its commissioning phase at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos on the island of La Palma. The proximity of LST-1 to the two MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes makes it possible to carry out observations of the same gamma-ray events with both systems.

Methods. We describe the joint LST-1+MAGIC analysis pipeline and used simultaneous Crab Nebula observations and Monte Carlo simulations to assess the performance of the three-telescope system. The addition of the LST-1 telescope allows for the recovery of events in which one of the MAGIC images is too dim to survive analysis quality cuts.

Results. Thanks to the resulting increase in the collection area and stronger background rejection, we found a significant improvement in sensitivity, allowing for the detection of 30% weaker fluxes in the energy range between 200 GeV and 3 TeV. The spectrum of the Crab Nebula, reconstructed in the energy range between ~60 GeV and ~10 TeV, is in agreement with previous measurements.