Fast multi-scale galaxy cluster detection with weak lensing: Towards a mass-selected sample

¹ Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
e-mail: gavin.leroy@cea.fr
² INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
³ INFN – Sezione di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

Received: 27 March 2023
Accepted: 26 May 2023

Abstract

The sensitivity and wide area reached by ongoing and future wide-field optical surveys allows for the detection of an increasing number of galaxy clusters uniquely through their weak lensing signal. This motivates the development of new methods for analysing the unprecedented volume of data faster and more efficiently. Here we introduce a new multi-scale weak lensing detection method based on the application of wavelet filters to convergence maps. We compare our results to those obtained from four commonly used single-scale approaches based on the application of aperture mass filters to the shear in real and Fourier space. The method was tested and validated on Euclid-like mocks from the DUSTGRAIN-pathfinder simulations. We introduce a new matching procedure that takes into account the theoretical signal-to-noise of detection by weak lensing and the size of the filter under consideration. We performed a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the methods, including a complete analysis of the filters and a comparison of the purity and the completeness of the resulting catalogues. We show explicitly that equivalent results are obtained when the detection is undertaken in real and Fourier space, and when the algorithms are applied to the shear and the convergence. We show that the multi-scale method applied to the convergence is faster and more efficient at detecting clusters than single-scale methods applied to the shear. In particular, we obtain an increase of 25% in the number of detections while maintaining the same purity compared to the most up-to-date aperture mass filter. We analysed the detected catalogues and quantified the efficiency of the matching procedure, showing in particular that fewer than 5% of the detections from the multi-scale method can be ascribed to line-of-sight alignments. The method is well adapted to the more sensitive, wider-area optical surveys that will become available in the near future, and paves the way to cluster samples that are as near as possible to being selected by total matter content.