Environmental dependence of Type IIn supernova properties

¹ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
e-mail: takashi.moriya@nao.ac.jp
² School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
³ Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
e-mail: lgalbany@ice.csic.es
⁴ Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
⁵ European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19, Santiago, Chile
⁶ Millennium Institute of Astrophysics MAS, Nuncio Monsenor Sotero Sanz 100, Off. 104, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
⁷ Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
⁸ Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
⁹ Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-264, 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico
¹⁰ Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
¹¹ Núcleo de Astronomía de la Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ej ército 441, Santiago, Chile
¹² Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
¹³ Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (CCAPP), The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
¹⁴ Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yi He Yuan Road 5, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100871, PR China
¹⁵ Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel

Received: 19 April 2023
Accepted: 15 June 2023

Abstract

Type IIn supernovae occur when stellar explosions are surrounded by dense hydrogen-rich circumstellar matter. The dense circumstellar matter is likely formed by extreme mass loss from their progenitors shortly before they explode. The nature of Type IIn supernova progenitors and the mass-loss mechanism forming the dense circumstellar matter are still unknown. In this work, we investigate whether Type IIn supernova properties and their local environments are correlated. We use Type IIn supernovae with well-observed light curves and host-galaxy integral field spectroscopic data so that we can estimate both supernova and environmental properties. We find that Type IIn supernovae with a higher peak luminosity tend to occur in environments with lower metallicity and/or younger stellar populations. The circumstellar matter density around Type IIn supernovae is not significantly correlated with metallicity, so the mass-loss mechanism forming the dense circumstellar matter around Type IIn supernovae might be insensitive to metallicity.