Three is the magic number: Distance measurement of NGC 3147 using SN 2021hpr and its siblings

¹ Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
e-mail: bbarna@titan.physx.u-szeged.hu
² Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Astronomy, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
³ Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Konkoly Th. M. út 15–17., 1121 Budapest, Hungary
⁴ ELKH-SZTE Stellar Astrophysics Research Group, Szegedi út, Kt. 766, 6500 Baja, Hungary
⁵ Baja Astronomical Observatory of University of Szeged, Szegedi út, Kt. 766, 6500 Baja, Hungary
⁶ CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15–17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
⁷ ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, 9400 Szombathely, Hungary
⁸ Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
⁹ Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
¹⁰ Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK

Received: 13 March 2023
Accepted: 27 June 2023

Abstract

Context. The nearby spiral galaxy NGC 3147 hosted three Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the past decades that have been the subjects of intense follow-up observations. Simultaneous analysis of their data provides a unique opportunity for testing different methods of light curve fitting and distance estimation.

Aims. The detailed optical follow-up of SN 2021hpr allows us to revise the previous distance estimations to NGC 3147 and compare the widely used light curve fitting algorithms to each other. After the combination of the available and newly published data of SN 2021hpr, its physical properties can also be estimated with higher accuracy.

Methods. We present and analyse new BV griz and Swift photometry of SN 2021hpr to constrain its general physical properties. Together with its siblings, SNe 1997bq and 2008fv, we cross-compared the individual distance estimates of these three SNe given by the Spectral Adaptive Lightcurve Template (SALT) code, and we also checked their consistency with the results from the Multi-Color Light Curve Shape (MLCS) code. The early spectral series of SN 2021hpr was also fit with the radiative spectral code TARDIS to verify the explosion properties and constrain the chemical distribution of the outer ejecta.

Results. After combining the distance estimates for the three SNe, the mean distance to their host galaxy, NGC 3127, is 42.5 ± 1.0 Mpc, which matches with the distance inferred by the most up-to-date light curve fitters, SALT3 and BayeSN. We confirm that SN 2021hpr is a Branch-normal Type Ia SN that ejected ~1.12 ± 0.28 M_⊙ from its progenitor white dwarf and synthesized ~0.44 ± 0.14 M_⊙ of radioactive ⁵⁶Ni.