Exploring the internal rotation of the extremely low-mass He-core white dwarf GD 278 with TESS asteroseismology

¹ Grupo de Evolución Estelar y Pulsaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
e-mail: lcalcaferro@fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar
² Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
⁴ Department of Astronomy, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA

Received: 27 January 2023
Accepted: 17 March 2023

Abstract

Context. The advent of high-quality space-based photometry, brought about by missions such as Kepler/K2 and TESS, makes it possible to unveil the fundamental parameters and properties of the interiors of white dwarf stars, particularly extremely low-mass white dwarfs, using the tools of asteroseismology.

Aims. We present an exploration of the internal rotation of GD 278, the first known pulsating extremely low-mass white dwarf to show rotational splittings within its periodogram.

Methods. We assessed the theoretical frequency splittings expected for different rotation profiles and compared them to the observed frequency splittings of GD 278. To this aim, we employed an asteroseismological model representative of the pulsations of this star, obtained by using the LPCODE stellar evolution code and the LP-PUL non-radial pulsation code. We also derived a rotation profile that results from detailed evolutionary calculations carried out with the MESA stellar evolution code and used it to infer the expected theoretical frequency splittings.

Results. We find that the best-fitting solution when assuming linear profiles for the rotation of GD 278 leads to angular velocity values at the surface and center that are only slightly differential, and still compatible with rigid rotation. Additionally, the values of the angular velocity at the surface and the center for the simple linear rotation profiles and for the rotation profile derived from evolutionary calculations are in very good agreement. Also, the resulting theoretical frequency splittings are compatible with the observed frequency splittings, in general, for both cases.

Conclusions. The results obtained from the different approaches followed in this work to derive the internal rotation of GD 278 agree. The fact that they were obtained by employing two independent stellar evolution codes gives our results robustness. Our results suggest only a marginally differential behavior for the internal rotation in GD 278 and, considering the uncertainties involved, this is very compatible with the rigid case, as has been observed previously for white dwarfs and pre-white dwarfs. The rotation periods derived for this star are also in line with the values determined asteroseismologically for white dwarfs and pre-white dwarfs in general.