Revising the Hubble constant, spatial curvature and dark energy dynamics with the latest observations of quasars

¹ School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
² Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, PR China
e-mail: caoshuo@bnu.edu.cn
³ Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
⁴ College of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
e-mail: lixiaolei@hebtu.edu.cn
⁵ School of Mechatronic Engineering, Lishui Vocational & Technical College, Lishui 323000, PR China

Received: 20 February 2022
Accepted: 6 October 2022

Abstract

In this paper we use a newly compiled sample of ultra-compact structure in radio quasars and strong gravitational lensing systems with quasars acting as background sources to constrain six spatially flat and non-flat cosmological models (ΛCDM, PEDE, and DGP). These two sets of quasar data (time-delay measurements of six strong lensing systems and 120 intermediate-luminosity quasars calibrated as standard rulers) could break the degeneracy between the cosmological parameters (H₀, Ω_m, and Ω_k), and therefore provide more stringent cosmological constraints for the six cosmological models we study. A joint analysis of the quasar sample provides model-independent measurements of the Hubble constant H₀, which are strongly consistent with that derived from the local distance ladder by the SH0ES collaboration in the ΛCDM and PEDE model. However, in the framework of the DGP cosmology (especially for a flat universe), the measured Hubble constant is in good agreement with that derived from the recent Planck 2018 results. In addition, our results show that zero spatial curvature is supported by the current lensed and unlensed quasar observations and that there is no significant deviation from a flat universe. For most of the cosmological models we study (flat ΛCDM, non-flat ΛCDM, flat PEDE, and non-flat PEDE), the derived matter density parameter is completely consistent with Ω_m ∼ 0.30 in all the data sets, as expected based on the latest cosmological observations. Finally, according to the statistical deviance information criterion (DIC), the joint constraints provide substantial observational support to the flat PEDE model; however, they do not rule out dark energy being a cosmological constant and non-flat spatial hypersurfaces.