Barbell-shaped giant radio galaxy with ∼100 kpc kink in the jet^⋆

¹ Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, Collège de France, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne University, 75014 Paris, France
e-mail: pratik.dabhade@obspm.fr, pratikdabhade13@gmail.com
² ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
³ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
⁴ Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune 411007, India
⁵ Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru 560029, India
⁶ Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, India
⁷ Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hugel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁸ National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, TIFR, Post Bag 3, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
⁹ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

Received: 24 January 2022
Accepted: 23 September 2022

Abstract

We present for the first time a study of peculiar giant radio galaxy (GRG) J223301+131502 using deep multi-frequency radio observations from GMRT (323, 612, and 1300 MHz) and LOFAR (144 MHz) along with optical spectroscopic observations with the WHT 4.2m optical telescope. Our observations have firmly established its redshift of 0.09956 and unveiled its exceptional jet structure extending more than ∼200 kpc leading to a peculiar kink structure of ∼100 kpc. We measure the overall size of this GRG to be ∼1.83 Mpc; it exhibits lobes without any prominent hotspots and closely resembles a barbell. Our deep low-frequency radio maps clearly reveal the steep-spectrum diffuse emission from the lobes of the GRG. The magnetic field strength of ∼5 μG and spectral ages between about 110 to 200 mega years for the radio lobes were estimated using radio data from LOFAR 144 MHz observations and GMRT 323 and 612 MHz observations. We discuss the possible causes leading to the formation of the observed kink feature for the GRG, which include precession of the jet axis, development of instabilities and magnetic reconnection. Despite its enormous size, the Barbell GRG is found to be residing in a low-mass (M₂₀₀ ∼ 10¹⁴ M_⊙) galaxy cluster. This GRG with two-sided large-scale jets with a kink and diffuse outer lobes residing in a cluster environment, provides an opportunity to explore the structure and growth of GRGs in different environments.