A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE)

XI. Two-dimensional Hα kinematics of the edge-on ram pressure stripped galaxy NGC 4330^⋆,⋆⋆

¹ Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
e-mail: minerva.munoz@lam.fr, philippe.amram@lam.fr, alessandro.boselli@lam.fr
² Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France
³ Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-264, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
⁴ Universitá di Milano-Bicocca, piazza della scienza 3, 20100 Milano, Italy
⁵ Centro de Astronomá (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
⁶ National Research Council of Canada, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
⁷ Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria
⁸ Laboratório de Astrofísica Teórica e Observacional, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45650-000 Ilhéus-BA, Brazil
⁹ AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
¹⁰ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 28, 20159 Milano, Italy

Received: 21 September 2021
Accepted: 17 December 2021

Abstract

Using the VESTIGE survey, a deep narrow-band Hα imaging survey of the Virgo cluster carried out at the CFHT with MegaCam, we discovered a long and diffuse tail of ionised gas in the edge-on late-type galaxy NGC 4330. This peculiar feature indicates an ongoing ram pressure stripping event able to remove the gas in the outer region of the disc. Tuned hydrodynamic simulations suggest that the ram pressure stripping event is occurring almost face-on, making NGC 4330 the ideal candidate for studying the effects of the perturbation in the direction perpendicular to the disc plane. We present here two new independent sets of Fabry-Perot observations (R ≃ 10 000) with the purpose of understanding the effects of the ram pressure stripping process on the kinematics of the ionised gas. Despite their limited sensitivity to the diffuse gas emission, the data allowed us to measure the velocity and the velocity dispersion fields over the galaxy disc and in several features at the edges or outside the stellar disc formed after the ram pressure stripping event. We constructed the position-velocity diagrams and the rotation curves of the galaxy using three different techniques. The data show, consistent with the hydrodynamic simulations, that the galaxy has an inner solid-body rotation up to ∼2.4 kpc, with non-circular streaming motions outside this radius and in the several external features formed during the interaction of the galaxy with the surrounding intracluster medium. The data also indicate a decrease in the rotational velocity of the gas with increasing distance from the galaxy disc along the tails, suggesting a gradual but not linear loss of angular momentum in the stripped gas. Consistent with a ram pressure stripping scenario, the i-band image shows a boxy shape at the south-west edge of the disc, where the stellar orbits might have been perturbed by the modification of the gravitational potential well of the galaxy due to the displacement of the gas in the z direction.