An XMM–Newton catalogue of BL Lacs^⋆

¹ Quasar Science Resource S.L. for the European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
e-mail: icalle@sciops.esa.int
² European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
³ Serco Gestión de Negocios SLU for the European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
⁴ Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman, Evanston, IL 60201, USA

Received: 1 May 2020
Accepted: 2 July 2021

Abstract

Aims. We present an XMM–Newton catalogue of BL Lac X-ray, optical, and UV properties based on cross-correlation with the 1151 BL Lacs listed in the fifth edition of the Roma–BZCAT.

Methods. We searched for the X-ray counterparts to these objects in the field of view of all pointed observations in the XMM–Newton archive over nearly 20 years of mission. The cross-correlation yields a total of 310 XMM–Newton fields which correspond to 103 different BL Lacs. We homogeneously analysed data from the three EPIC cameras (X-ray) and OM (optical/UV) using the XMM–Newton SAS software, and produced images, light curves, and spectral products for BL Lacs detected in any of the three EPIC cameras. We tested two different phenomenological models, log parabola and power law, with different variations of the absorbing column density and extracted their parameters. We derived time-variability information from the light curves following well-established statistical methods and quantified variability through statistical indicators. OM magnitudes and fluxes were computed wherever possible.

Results. We see that the log parabola model is preferred over the power law model for sources showing higher fluxes, which might indicate that curvature is intrinsic to BL Lacs and is only seen when the flux is high. We present the results of our analysis as a catalogue of X-ray spectral properties of the sample in the 0.2–10 keV energy band as well as in the optical/UV band. We complete the catalogue with multi-wavelength information at radio and γ-ray energies.