A SOPHIE RV search for giant planets around young nearby stars (YNS)

A combination with the HARPS YNS survey^★

¹ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
e-mail: antoine.grandjean1@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr
² LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
³ IMCCE – Observatoire de Paris, 77 Avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France
⁴ Pixyl, 5 Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700 La Tronche, France
⁵ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁶ CNRS Lesia (UMR8109) – Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France
⁷ Oxford Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, UK
⁸ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via Santa Sofia, 78 Catania, Italy
⁹ European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
¹⁰ Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino al Observatorio, Cerro Calán, Santiago, Chile

Received: 13 October 2020
Accepted: 26 February 2021

Abstract

Context. The search of close (a ≲ 5 au) giant planet (GP) companions with radial velocity (RV) around young stars and the estimate of their occurrence rates is important to constrain the migration timescales. Furthermore, this search will allow the giant planet occurrence rates to be computed at all separations via the combination with direct imaging techniques. The RV search around young stars is a challenge as they are generally faster rotators than older stars of similar spectral types and they exhibit signatures of magnetic activity (spots) or pulsation in their RV time series. Specific analyses are necessary to characterize, and possibly correct for, this activity.

Aims. Our aim is to search for planets around young nearby stars and to estimate the GP occurrence rates for periods up to 1000 days.

Methods. We used the SOPHIE spectrograph on the 1.93 m telescope at the Haute-Provence Observatory to observe 63 A − M young (<400 Myr) stars. We used our Spectroscopic data via Analysis of the Fourier Interspectrum Radial velocities software to compute the RVs and other spectroscopic observables. We then combined this survey with the HARPS YNS survey to compute the companion occurrence rates on a total of 120 young A − M stars.

Results. We report one new trend compatible with a planetary companion on HD 109647. We also report HD 105693 and HD 112097 as binaries, and we confirm the binarity of HD 2454, HD 13531, HD 17250 A, HD 28945, HD 39587, HD 131156, HD 142229, HD 186704 A, and HD 195943. We constrained for the first time the orbital parameters of HD 195943 B. We refute the HD 13507 single brown dwarf (BD) companion solution and propose a double BD companion solution. Two GPs were previously reported from this survey in the HD 113337 system. Based on our sample of 120 young stars, we obtain a GP occurrence rate of 1_−0.3^+2.2% for periods lower than 1000 days, and we obtain an upper limit on BD occurrence rate of 0.9_−0.9⁺²% in the same period range. We report a possible lack of close (P ∈ [1;1000] days) GPs around young FK stars compared to their older counterparts, with a confidence level of 90%.