Flute oscillations of cooling coronal loops with variable cross-section

¹ Solar Physics and Space Plasma Research Centre (SP2RC), School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
e-mail: robertus@sheffield.ac.uk
² School of Build Environment, Engineering and Computing, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK
³ Department of Astronomy, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
⁴ Gyula Bay Zoltán Solar Observatory (GSO), Hungarian Solar Physics Foundation (HSPF), Petőfi tér 3., Gyula 5700, Hungary

Received: 11 January 2021
Accepted: 17 February 2021

Abstract

We consider fluting oscillations in a thin straight expanding magnetic flux tube in the presence of a background flow. The tube is divided into a core region that is wrapped in a thin transitional region, where the damping takes place. The method of multiple scales is used for the derivation of the system of governing equations. This system is applicable to study both standing and propagating waves. Furthermore, the system of equations is obtained for magnetic tubes with a sharp boundary. An adiabatic invariant is derived using the Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin method for a magnetic flux tube with slowly varying density, and the theoretical results are then used to investigate the effect of cooling on flute oscillations of a curved flux tube semi-circlular in shape. We have analysed numerically the dependencies of the dimensionless amplitude for a range of values of the expansion factor and the ratio of internal to external plasma densities at an initial time. We find that the amplitude increases due to cooling and is higher for a higher expansion factor. Higher values of the wave number lead to localisation of the oscillation closer to the boundary. Finally, we show that the higher the value of the ratio of internal to external plasma densities, the higher the amplification of oscillation due to cooling. Therefore, we conclude that the wave number, density ratio, and the variation of tube expansion are all relevant parameters in the cooling process of an oscillating flux tube.