PSZSPT: A joint Planck and SPT-SZ cluster catalog^⋆

¹ IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
e-mail: jean-baptiste.melin@cea.fr
² Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
³ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
⁴ AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Received: 18 September 2020
Accepted: 11 January 2021

Abstract

We present the first cluster catalog extracted from combined space-based (Planck) and ground-based (South Pole Telescope; SPT-SZ) millimeter data. We developed and applied a matched multi-filter (MMF) capable of dealing with the different transfer functions and resolutions of the two datasets. We verified that it produces results consistent with publications from Planck and SPT collaborations when applied on the datasets individually. We also verified that Planck and SPT-SZ cluster fluxes are consistent with each other. When applied blindly to the combined dataset, the MMF generated a catalog of 419 detections (S/N > 5), of which 323 are already part of the SPT-SZ or PSZ2 catalogs; 54 are new SZ detections, which have been identified in other catalogs or surveys; and 42 are new unidentified candidates. The MMF takes advantage of the complementarity of the two datasets, Planck being particularly useful for detecting clusters at a low redshift (z < 0.3), while SPT is efficient at finding higher redshift (z > 0.3) sources. This work represents a proof of concept that blind cluster extraction can be performed on combined, inhomogeneous millimeter datasets acquired from space and ground. This result is of prime importance for planned ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments (e.g., Simons Observatory, CMB-S4) and envisaged CMB space missions (e.g., PICO, Backlight) that will detect hundreds of thousands of clusters in the low mass regime (M₅₀₀ ≤ 10¹⁴ M_⊙), for which the various sources of intra-cluster emission (gas, dust, synchrotron) will be of the same order of magnitude and hence require broad ground and space frequency coverage with a comparable spatial resolution for adequate separation.