Dust and star formation in the centre of NGC 3311^⋆

¹ Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
e-mail: tom@astro-udec.cl
² European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str.2, 85748 Garching, Germany
³ Universidade de São Paulo, IAG, Departamento de Astronomia, Rua do Matão 1226, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Received: 11 March 2020
Accepted: 3 August 2020

Abstract

Context. NGC 3311 is the central galaxy of the Hydra I galaxy cluster. It has a hot interstellar medium and hosts a central dust lane with emission lines. These dust lanes are frequent in elliptical galaxies, but the case of NGC 3311 might be particularly interesting for problems of dust lifetime and the role of cool gas in the central parts.

Aims. We aim to use archival HST images and MUSE data to investigate the central dust structure of NGC 3311.

Methods. We used the tool PyParadise to model the stellar population and extract the emission lines.

Results. The HST/ACS colour map reveals the known dust structures, but also blue spots, which are places of strong line emission. A dusty “mini-jet” emanates from the centre. The distribution of the emission line gas matches the dust silhouette almost exactly. Close to the brightest Hα emission, the ratio [NII]/Hα resembles that of HII-regions; in the outer parts, [NII] gets stronger and is similar to LINERLow-ionization nuclear emission-line region -like spectra. The gas kinematics is consistent with that of a rotating disc. The Doppler shifts of the strongest line emissions, which indicate the areas of highest star formation activity, smoothly fit into the disc symmetry. The metallicity is supersolar. The presence of neutral gas is indicated by the fit residuals of the stellar NaI D absorption line, which we interpret as interstellar absorption. We estimate the mass of the neutral gas to be of the order of the X-ray mass. The dynamical mass infers a stellar population of intermediate age, whose globular clusters have already been identified.

Conclusions. Our findings can be harmonised in a scenario in which the star formation is triggered by the accretion of cold gas onto a pre-existing gas/dust disc or ring. Newly produced dust then contributes to the longevity of the dust.