Euclid preparation

VIII. The Complete Calibration of the Colour–Redshift Relation survey: VLT/KMOS observations and data release^⋆

¹ Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
e-mail: gglvnt@mpe.mpg.de
² Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
³ Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
⁴ Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
⁵ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Ch. d’Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁶ INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁷ California institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁸ Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Vibenshuset, Lyngbyvej 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
⁹ Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
¹⁰ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
¹¹ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
¹² INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
¹³ Universidad de la Laguna, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Làctea s/n, 38204 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
¹⁶ INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
¹⁷ IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
¹⁸ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
¹⁹ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy
²⁰ Department of Mathematics and Physics, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
²¹ Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
²² INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
²³ INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
²⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universitá degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
²⁵ INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
²⁶ INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
²⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
²⁸ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, France
²⁹ INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
³⁰ Institut de Física d’Altes Energies IFAE, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
³¹ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
³² AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
³³ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
³⁴ Observatoire de Sauverny, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
³⁵ Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
³⁶ INFN Section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
³⁷ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
³⁸ Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France
³⁹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁴⁰ University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
⁴¹ European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
⁴² ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
⁴³ Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁴ University of Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, France
⁴⁵ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
⁴⁶ Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
⁴⁷ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
⁴⁸ Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
⁴⁹ INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁵⁰ School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
⁵¹ Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64 00014 Helsinki, Finland
⁵² Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
⁵³ Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁵⁴ INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁵⁵ Astronomisches Institut, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
⁵⁶ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
⁵⁷ von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH, SchloßPlatz 8, 68723 Schwetzingen, Germany
⁵⁸ Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
⁵⁹ Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
⁶⁰ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁶¹ Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
⁶² Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
⁶³ European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
⁶⁴ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
⁶⁵ NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
⁶⁶ Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
⁶⁷ Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁶⁸ Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
⁶⁹ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
⁷⁰ Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
⁷¹ LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75014 Paris, France
⁷² Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio (OAS), Via Gobetti 93/3, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁷³ INAF-IASF Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁷⁴ INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Arnesano, 193, 73100 Lecce, Italy
⁷⁵ Department of Mathematics and Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, CP 193, 73100 Lecce, Italy
⁷⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Universitá di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁷⁷ Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile
⁷⁸ Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
⁷⁹ Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
⁸⁰ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
⁸¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

Received: 4 May 2020
Accepted: 16 June 2020

Abstract

The Complete Calibration of the Colour–Redshift Relation survey (C3R2) is a spectroscopic effort involving ESO and Keck facilities designed specifically to empirically calibrate the galaxy colour–redshift relation – P(z|C) to the Euclid depth (i_AB = 24.5) and is intimately linked to the success of upcoming Stage IV dark energy missions based on weak lensing cosmology. The aim is to build a spectroscopic calibration sample that is as representative as possible of the galaxies of the Euclid weak lensing sample. In order to minimise the number of spectroscopic observations necessary to fill the gaps in current knowledge of the P(z|C), self-organising map (SOM) representations of the galaxy colour space have been constructed. Here we present the first results of an ESO@VLT Large Programme approved in the context of C3R2, which makes use of the two VLT optical and near-infrared multi-object spectrographs, FORS2 and KMOS. This data release paper focuses on high-quality spectroscopic redshifts of high-redshift galaxies observed with the KMOS spectrograph in the near-infrared H- and K-bands. A total of 424 highly-reliable redshifts are measured in the 1.3 ≤ z ≤ 2.5 range, with total success rates of 60.7% in the H-band and 32.8% in the K-band. The newly determined redshifts fill 55% of high (mainly regions with no spectroscopic measurements) and 35% of lower (regions with low-resolution/low-quality spectroscopic measurements) priority empty SOM grid cells. We measured Hα fluxes in a 1.″2 radius aperture from the spectra of the spectroscopically confirmed galaxies and converted them into star formation rates. In addition, we performed an SED fitting analysis on the same sample in order to derive stellar masses, E(B − V), total magnitudes, and SFRs. We combine the results obtained from the spectra with those derived via SED fitting, and we show that the spectroscopic failures come from either weakly star-forming galaxies (at z <  1.7, i.e. in the H-band) or low S/N spectra (in the K-band) of z >  2 galaxies.