Characterising young visual M-dwarf binaries with near-infrared integral field spectra^⋆,⋆⋆

¹ Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
e-mail: per.calissendorff@astro.su.se
² Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France

Received: 26 March 2020
Accepted: 21 July 2020

Abstract

We present the results from an integral field spectroscopy study of seven close visual binary pairs of young M-dwarf multiple systems. The target systems are part of the astrometric monitoring AstraLux programme, surveying hundreds of M-dwarf systems for multiplicity and obtaining astrometric epochs for orbital constraints. Our new VLT/SINFONI data provides resolved spectral type classifications in the J, H, and K bands for seven of these low-mass M-dwarf binaries, which we determine by comparing them to empirical templates and examining the strength of water absorption in the K band. The medium resolution K-band spectra also allows us to derive effective temperatures for the individual components. All targets in the survey display several signs of youth, and some have kinematics similar to young moving groups, or low surface gravities which we determined from measuring equivalent widths of gravity sensitive alkali lines in the J band. Resolved photometry from our targets is also compared with isochrones from theoretical evolutionary models, further implying young ages. Dynamical masses will be provided from continued monitoring of these systems, which can be seen as emblematic binary benchmarks that may be used to calibrate evolutionary models for low-mass stars in the future.